Chapter 15&17

Question 1

Biological Classification

Answer 1

organize the diversity of life in groups; assign names to each organism

Question 2

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 2

System for naming PLANTS & ANIMALS

Question 3

Who creating the naming system?

Answer 3

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 4

What does the 1st & 2nd part refer to?

Answer 4

1st: Genus
2nd: Species

Question 5

Taxonomy

Answer 5

Science of naming organisms & assigning them to groups of similar characteristic (taxa/taxon)

Question 6

King Phillip Came Over For Good Sex

Answer 6

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 7

What are the 6 Kingdoms?

Answer 7

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Plantae, Animalia

Question 8

Protista (2)

Answer 8

• all SINGLE-celled

- Eukaryotas (nucleus/membrane bound)

Question 9

Fungi (2)

Answer 9

• cell walls w/o cellulose

- hetrotophs (no photosynthesis)

Question 10

Plantae (2)

Answer 10

-multicellular

autotophic (carry photosynthesis)

Question 11

Animalia

Answer 11

• Multicellular

- cell membranes w/o cell walls

Question 12

Viruses

Answer 12

particles that cause diseases; noncellular with genetic material and protein

Question 13

Bacteriophages

Answer 13

Viruses that invade bacteria

Question 14

Viral Specificity

Answer 14

Viruses are specifics only attach to certain hosts

Question 15

What must viruses do to reproduce?

Answer 15

Invade/infect living host cell

Question 16

Structure of a virus (4)

Answer 16

• small
• RNA/DNA never both
• capsid (contain holds genetic material)
• May/ may not have tail/legs

Question 17

Steps of Lytic Cycle

Answer 17

1. Infection- virus attack to host
2. Growth- genetic material become part of DNA
3. Replication- copies own DNA
4. Lysis- Burst!

Question 18

Lysogenic Infection

Answer 18

Virus does NOT reproduce and lyse host cell right away; genetic material incorporated into bacterium’s DNA (requires environmental simulus to being lytic cycle)

Question 19

Prophage

Answer 19

May add useful DNA, prevent other virus from entering cell, may become active >:)

Question 20

Retroviruses

Answer 20

Backwards; Instead of having DNA, genetic info carried in RNA; Infect RNA gets copied into DNA

Question 21

Prokaryotes + 2kingdomes

Answer 21

No nucleus (no membrane bound organelles) ; Eubacteria & Archaebacteria

Question 22

Eubacteria + Most Important

Answer 22

Largest Kingdom; flagellum; Cyanobacteria

Question 23

Archaebacteria

Answer 23

Harsh environment; oxygen free/salty

Question 24

Methanogens

Answer 24

Archaebacteria that produces methane gas

Question 25

Bacilli

Answer 25

Rod shaped () () ()

Question 26

Cocci

Answer 26

Spherical shaped O O O

Question 27

Spirilla

Answer 27

Spiral shaped ~ ~ ~

Question 28

Gram positive & Gram negative

Answer 28

Positive: Purple (1 layer carb+protien) Negative: Pink/Red (2layers - harder 2 absorb)

Question 29

Autotrophs

Answer 29

Produce own food

Question 30

Phototropic Autotrophs

Answer 30

Trap energy of sunlight

Question 31

Chemotropic Autotrophs

Answer 31

Inorganic molecules (nitrites, sulfur, irons, hydrogen) for energy

Question 32

Hetetrotrophs

Answer 32

need to ingest food

Question 33

Phototropic hetetrotrophs

Answer 33

photosynthesize need organic compounds

Question 34

Chemotrophic hetetrotrophs

Answer 34

taking in organic molecules, breaking them down and absorbing

Question 35

Obligated aerobes

Answer 35

need constant supply of oxygen

Question 36

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 36

live in absent of oxygen

Question 37

Facilitative anaerobes

Answer 37

Don't require oxygen; not be poisoned by it

Question 38

Binary Fission

Answer 38

Asexual; splitting in half producing 2 daughter cells

Question 39

Conjugation 8==D

Answer 39

Sexual; a bridge

Question 40

Endospore

Answer 40

spore formation occurs when environmental conditions not favorable

Question 41

Symbiosis

Answer 41

Bacteria develops close relationship with other organisms BOTH benefits! :)

Question 42

Nutrient flow

Answer 42

Bacteria recycle & decompose, or break down dead material

Question 43

Saprophyte

Answer 43

Organisms that use complex molecules of once-living organism as energy/nutrition

Question 44

Sewage Decomposition

Answer 44

Waste water-> Bacteria grow. Produce purified water, nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide + fertilize

Question 45

Nitrogen Fixation

Answer 45

Nitrogen gas -> Ammonia

Question 46

Which bacterium does the soybean host?

Answer 46

Rhizobium

Question 47

Pathogens

Answer 47

Disease producing agents

Question 48

Examples of diseases caused by viruses

Answer 48

Smallpox, polio, measles, AIDS, mumps, influenza, yellow fever, rabies, common cold

Question 49

Interferons

Answer 49

Treatment of viral diseases; released from virus-infected cells, making difficult for viruses to infect other cells

Question 50

Oncogenic (tumor-making)

Answer 50

Cancer-causing viruses

Question 51

Examples of diseases caused by bacteria

Answer 51

Hansen disease, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, tetanus, syphilis, cholera, bubonic plague.

Question 52

Sterilization

Answer 52

Destroys living bacteria by subjecting them with great HEAT or CHEMICAL action.

Question 53

Disinfectants

Answer 53

Chemical solution that kills bacteria; used @ home 2 clean bathroom, kitchen etc.