Chapter 15 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What designation is given to groups at high risk of having poor health outcomes?
a. Cumulative risk groups
b. Health disparity groups
c. Resilient populations
d. Vulnerable populations
ANS: D
What is the best intervention a community health nurse (CHN) can initiate to increase lasting
resilience among new immigrants?
a. Directing clients to English-as-a-second-language courses
b. Giving immigrant clients money to help them get settled
c. Identifying areas in the city where housing is less expensive
d. Soliciting donations for food, clothing, and other needs
ANS: A
What CHN intervention would best serve a vulnerable population?
a. Addressing multiple health concerns, including preventive education, when clients
present for treatment of an illness
b. Establishing a system of networks so that clients may be referred to different
services such as preventive care, acute illness care, and chronic treatment
c. Providing acute care services that focus on the client’s main health concern and
setting up appointments at discharge for other concerns
d. Referring clients to specialists to address specific health concerns
ANS: A
What definition accurately reflects the meaning of the term health inequities?
a. Health inequities are the accumulation of multiple factors that lead to poor health.
b. Health inequities occur when people are more inclined to become ill and usually
do not seek appropriate care.
c. Health inequities are unfair differences in health that could be avoided with
reasonable action.
d. Health inequities are wide variations in health status and services among certain
population groups.
ANS: C
What is a primary cause of vulnerability?
a. Breakdown of family structures
b. Poverty
c. Prejudice
d. Social isolation
ANS: B
Which level of prevention is a CHN practising when she offers homeless clients yearly
tuberculosis (TB) screening and free treatment for those who test positive?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Secondary and tertiary prevention
ANS: B
A CHN is orienting a new recruit to a health clinic that primarily serves vulnerable
populations. Which statement by the CHN indicates a need for additional information?
a. “If a client who does not speak English comes in, you must obtain an interpreter
right away.”
b. “We try to take care of as many problems as possible in one visit, so when you
check the client in, ask about additional concerns.”
c. “You will like working with Filipino immigrants because they have close-knit
family structures.”
d. “You will need to assist the client by scheduling any referral or follow-up
appointments.”
ANS: C
While screening for diabetes at a community clinic, a CHN found out that a new client had
type 2 diabetes. The CHN then provided counselling, referred the client to an endocrinologist
for initial assessment and treatment, helped with arrangements for financial assistance,
arranged transportation, and booked a follow-up appointment. What role does this type of
service exemplify?
a. Case management
b. Client advocacy
c. Holistic care
d. Wrap-around services
ANS: A
CHNs at a clinic for homeless people are concerned that clients rarely return for follow-up
after their TB skin (Mantoux) tests. What policy would be the most appropriate one for
addressing this situation?
a. Call all homeless clients 48 hours after testing to remind them to return to the
clinic for follow-up.
b. Have the homeless persons read the test result themselves and then mail in the
results on a postage-paid card coded to protect privacy.
Readminister the test if the client returns later than scheduled for follow-up.
d. Routinely refer all homeless clients for chest X-rays.
ANS: B
What action should a CHN take when using the case management approach with vulnerable
populations?
a. Be willing to enter into a long-term relationship with families.
b. Direct and control the client’s care because the CHN knows what is most needed.
c. Encourage families to become self-sufficient and less dependent on nursing
personnel for advice and referrals.
d. Rotate assignments periodically, to prevent attachment and codependency.
ANS: A
Which one of the following is an example of tertiary prevention by a CHN?
a. Administering the Mantoux (skin) test to identify persons with TB
b. Assessing for signs and symptoms of active TB
c. Directly observing clients with active TB as they take their antituberculosis
medications
d. Interpreting TB skin test results
ANS: C
What is the cause of the greatest overall costs to the community for providing health care to
people who are homeless?
a. The need for increased preventive services to address the health conditions of the
homeless population
b. The need for more frequent clinic visits by homeless clients for multiple health
problems
c. The spread of contagious diseases by people who are homeless to those they pass
on the street
d. The fact that most of the care for people who are homeless takes place in hospital
emergency departments
ANS: D
A CHN presents a proposal for a program for preventing teen pregnancy to a group of parents.
In the discussion that follows the presentation, which statement by a parent indicates the need
for additional teaching by the CHN?
a. “I do not know if my son is sexually active; however, I have decided that I am
going to talk to him about birth control, just in case.”
b. “I have found that being very strict and checking on my daughter whenever she is
out are the best ways to prevent trouble.”
c. “I plan to sit down with my daughter and have an honest talk about sexuality and
potential risks.”
d. “I will start spending more time with my teens when I get home from work.”
ANS: B
What CHN action would best ensure long-term positive health outcomes in pregnant teens
from low-income groups and their children?
a. Help teen mothers learn about body changes during pregnancy.
b. Develop programs that enable teen mothers to complete their education.
c. Offer courses in proper care of babies.
Monitor pregnant teens for early detection of problems in pregnancy.
ANS: B
A CHN who works at a clinic for homeless persons wants to institute a more efficient
treatment for chronic wounds. What CHN action offers the best way to improve outcomes for
these clients?
a. Administer antibiotics to all homeless persons with chronic, nonhealing wounds.
b. Facilitate daily access to a room with soap, water, and bandages.
c. Provide free bandaging supplies to clients at each clinic visit.
d. Regularly monitor the wound condition of clients.
ANS: B
What information is most important to keep in mind when caring for a pregnant teen?
a. All teen pregnancies are considered high risk.
b. Limited knowledge can lead to pregnancy complications.
c. Pregnant teens are less likely to focus on proper prenatal nutrition.
d. Pregnant teens who are poor are more likely to have poorer health outcomes.
ANS: C
What CHN action can help prevent depression in older adults who are at high risk for it?
a. Encourage them to move to a nursing home where they will have the company of
others in the same age group.
b. Monitor for signs and symptoms of depression.
c. Organize a health promotion program for older adults at the local centre.
d. Encourage older adult clients to focus on their strengths rather than their
weaknesses.
ANS: C
A CHN is concerned about caregiver stress in the children of older clients with health
concerns. What secondary prevention strategy can the CHN implement to limit caregiver
stress?
a. Asking caregivers how they are coping with their role
b. Encouraging caregivers to periodically take a few hours away from their duties
c. Establishing support groups for caregivers of older adult parents
d. Referring some caregiving responsibilities to home health nurses (HHNs) or
professional caregivers
ANS: A
What CHN action could potentially increase accessibility to health care services for clients
experiencing mental illness and housing instability?
a. Apply for a grant to fund a mobile clinic to take health care to the clients.
b. Distribute flyers to homeless persons that detail the location of various health care
services.
c. Refer homeless clients to temporary housing facilities.
d. Solicit donations for food and clothing to be distributed to the homeless.
ANS: A
A CHN suspects that an elementary school student is being physically abused. Which action
would be the most appropriate one for the CHN to take?
a. Ask the student about the abuse.
b. Document findings in the student’s school record.
c. Discuss the suspicions of abuse with the student’s teachers or the family’s spiritual
leader.
d. Notify legal authorities.
ANS: D
Which action by a case manager would be classified as primary prevention?
a. Advocating for the client whose values conflict with those of the medical service
provider
b. Collaborating between nursing and occupational health personnel
c. Educating a group regarding community services that are available if they are ever
needed
d. Resolving conflict between a primary care clinic and a tertiary care facility
ANS: C
A client reports that the narcotic she took for pain on a regular basis made her feel bad and
that when she tried an alternative analgesic, she experienced withdrawal symptoms. What is
this client suffering from?
a. Drug abuse
b. Drug addiction
c. Drug dependence
Substance abuse
ANS: C
A CHN is asked by a parent group to explain the risk factors for alcoholism. What statement
should the CHN include in the explanation?
a. Alcoholism is determined solely by environment.
b. Alcoholism is determined partly by genes.
c. Alcoholism is higher in women.
d. Persons born with fetal alcohol syndrome are alcoholics from birth.
ANS: B
At a district board meeting, the CHN requests funding for an after-school recreation program
that promotes healthy, fun activities in an effort to decrease substance abuse. Which level of
prevention does this exemplify?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Primary and secondary prevention
ANS: A
