Chapter 15 Flashcards Preview

Biology Final > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 15 Deck (21)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

A

A theory is like a well educated guess

Hypothesis is a statement that needs proof

2
Q

Evolution

A

The development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time

3
Q

Fossil

A

Evidence that remains of an organism

4
Q

What island did Darwin visit to make most of his observations?

A

Galapagos Islands

5
Q

What does adaptation mean?

A

Adapting to new places; successful in environment

6
Q

What was the major idea that Darwin presented in his book “the origin of species”? (What causes species to change over time?)

A

Evolution

7
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

8
Q

Homologous and Analogous?

A

Homologous-similar structures in dif organisms of a common ancestor

Analogous- close related functions that aren’t derived from the same ancestral structure

9
Q

Vestigial Structure?

A

Inherited structures that have lost most of their usefulness to an organism
Ex: as humans are developing, they grow gill slits like fish and reptiles

10
Q

The bones labeled “X” can be referred to as _________________ structures

A

Homologous

11
Q

What are the four pieces of evidence for evolution?

A
  • Molecular Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Embryology and Development
  • Fossil Record
12
Q

Who is Jean-Baptistery Lamarck and what did he incorrectly propose?

A

He proposed that living organisms change as their environment changes

13
Q

What did Lamarck and Darwin agree on?

A

They agreed on the theory of Inheritance that states if an organism changes during life in order to adapt to its environment, the changes are passed on to offspring

14
Q

In natural selection what does the selecting?

A

Environmental changes

15
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

Purposely breeding organisms that have better traits

Ex: dogs

16
Q

What does descent with modification mean?

A

Species descended from preexisting

17
Q

What affected the beak shape of the finches that Darwin studied?

A

Depending what they eat (different environment)

18
Q

What is required in a population for natural selection to work?

A
  • heredity
  • over reproduction
  • variation
  • differential reproduction
19
Q

What is coevolution?

A

The corresponding changes of 2 or more species that are closely associated with each other

20
Q

Convergent evolution?

A

Different species, similar traits

21
Q

The combination of Darwin’s work with newer studies is called ______________________

A

Modern synthesis of evolutionary theory