Chapter 15 Flashcards
1
Q
achromatopsia
A
complete color blindess
2
Q
chalazion
A
tumor of the eyelid
3
Q
exotropia
A
outward deviation of the eye
4
Q
nyctalopia
A
inability to see well in dim light
5
Q
tinnitus
A
perception of ringing in the ears with no external stimuli
6
Q
amblyopia
A
“lazy-eye” syndrome
7
Q
diopter
A
measure of refractive errors
8
Q
gonioscope
A
instrument for examining the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye
9
Q
otitis externa
A
infection of the external auditory canal
10
Q
tonometer
A
instrument that measures the internal pressure of the eye
11
Q
anacusis
A
complete deafness
12
Q
enucleation
A
removal of the eye from orbit
13
Q
Meinere disease
A
disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive hearing loss
14
Q
retinoblastoma
A
neoplastic disease of the eye found primarily in children
15
Q
vertigo
A
feeling of dizziness or spinning
16
Q
cataract
A
opacity that forms on the lens and impairs vision
17
Q
epiphora
A
abnormal overflow of tears
18
Q
neovascular
A
refers to the wet form of macular degeneration
19
Q
strabismus
A
a condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other eye; also called heterotropia
20
Q
visual field
A
area in which objects are seen when the eye is in a fixed position
21
Q
caloric stimulation test
A
test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo
22
Q
ophthalmoscopy
A
visual examination of the interior of the eye
23
Q
cochlear implant
A
artificial device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear; also called bionic ear
24
Q
fluorescein angiography
A
assesses blood vessels and their leakage and retinal circulation using a colored dye while photographs are taken
25
otoplasty
corrective surgery for large, small, or deformed ears/pinna
26
mydriatics
agents that dilate the pupils and paralyze the eye muscles of accommodation
27
tonometry
evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by applied force; used to detect glaucoma
28
visual acuity test
determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart at 20 ft
29
evisceration
removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the sclera and cornea
30
antiemetics
treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo
31
wax emulsifiers
loosen and help remove impacted cerumen
32
enucleation
removal of the entire eyeball from its orbit
33
ST
esotropia
34
ophthalmic decongestants
constrict small arterioles of the eye to decrease redness and conjunctival congestion
35
XT
exotropia
36
gonioscopy
visual examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye; determine mobility and diagnose glaucoma
37
otoscopy
visual examination of the external auditory canal
38
audiometry
measurement of hearing acuity at various frequencies
39
radial keratotomy
surgical treatment of nearsightedness that uses small incisions to flatten the cornea
40
otic analgesics
provide temporary relief from earache
41
ophthalmology
medical specialty concerned with disorders of the eye
42
otolaryngology
medical specialty concerned with disorders of the ear, nose, and throat
43
audiologists
allied health-care professionals who work with patients with hearing, balance, and related problems
44
VA
visual acuity
45
VF
visual field
46
ametropia
an error of refraction (exists when light rays fail to focus sharply on the retina)
47
farsightedness
hyperopia, hypermetrophia, the eyeball is too short and image falls behind the retina
48
nearsightedness
eyeball is too long, the image falls in front of the retina
49
presbyopia
form of farsightedness, defect associated with the aging
50
astigmatism (Ast)
the cornea or lens has a defective curvature. causes light rays to diffuse over a large area of the retina rather than being sharply focused
51
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
surgery- changes the shape of the cornea, change is permanent.
52
phacoemulsification
method of treating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate a cloudy lens, which is then aspirated and removed
53
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure, failure of aqueous humor to drain from the eye through the tiny duct called the canal of schlemm
54
2 types of primary glaucoma
chronic: open-angle, simple, or wide-angle
acute: angle-closure, narrow-angle glaucoma
55
applanation tonometry
screening test considered most accurate, use numbing drops and is pain free
56
miotics
medication that causes pupils to constrict
57
esotropia
inward misalignment
58
exotropia
outward misalignment
59
stereopsis
result of binocular perception of depth or 3D space
60
amblyopia
"lazy-eye syndrome"
61
macular degeneration
deterioration of macula, most sensitive portion of the retina
62
agerelated macular degeneration (ARMD, AMD)
leading cause of visual loss in US, toxic effect of drugs
63
wet or neovascular ARMD
less common, small blood vessels from under the macula, leakage, severe loss of central vision
64
dry ARMD
small yellowish deposits call drusen develop on macula and interfere with central vision
65
synalgia
infections of the nose and throat that refer pain to the ear
66
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
67
otopyorrhea
earache and drainage of puss from ear
68
mastoiditis
infection of mastoid process
69
otoencephalitis
inflammation of brain tissue near middle ear
70
analgesics
drug to relieve pain
71
myringotomy, tympanotomy
incision of the eardrum, to relieve pressure and promote drainage
72
pressure-equalizing tubes (PE tubes)
treatment for children with recurrent infection, inserted through tympanic membrane; also called tympanostomy tubes or ventilation tubes
73
otosclerosis
disorder characterized by an abnormal hardening of bones of the middle ear causing hearing loss
74
ankylosis
abnormal hardening
75
stapedectomy
surgical correction involving removing part of stapes
76
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion, producing a red or pink eye; may be secondary to viral, bacterial, or fungal infections or allergy
77
convergence
medial movement of the two eyeballs so that they are both directed at the object being viewed
78
ectropion
eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid
79
emmetropia (Em)
state of normal vision
80
entropion
inversion or inward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid
81
exophthalmos
protrusion of one or both eyeballs
82
hordeolum
localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection; also called stye
83
metamorphopsia
visual distortion of objects
84
nystagmus
involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision
85
papilledema
edema and hyperemia of the optic disc usually associated with increased intracranial pressure; also called choked disc
86
photophobia
unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light
87
retinopathy
any disorder of retinal blood vessels
88
diabetic retinopathy
disorder that occurs in pts with diabetes and is manifested by small hemorrhages, edema, and formation of new vessels on the retina, leading to scarring and eventual loss of vision
89
trachoma
chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis common in the SW US that typically leads to blindness
90
conduction impairment
blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear (conduction pathway)
91
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process, may lead to progressive vertigo
92
noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, caused by sounds that are "too long, too loud, or too close"
93
presbyacusis
impairment of hearing resulting from old age; also called presbyacusia
94
electronystagmography (ENG)
method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles
95
ophthalmodynamometry
measurement of blood pressure of the retinal vessels; used to determine reduction of blood flow in the carotid artery
96
pneumatic otoscopy
procedure that assesses the ability of the tympanic membrane to move in response to a change in air pressure
97
retinoscopy
evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movements of reflected light rays
98
dacryocystography
radiographic imaging procedures of the nasolacrimal (tear) glands and ducts
99
orthoptic training
exercises intended to improve eye movements or visual tracking that use training glasses, prism glasses, or tinted or colored lenses
100
blepharoplasty
cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive to the sun
101
cyclodialysis
formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma
102
mastoid antrotomy
surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process
103
sclerostomy
surgical formation of an opening in the sclera; performed in conjunction with surgery for glaucoma
104
tuning fork test
method use to evaluate sound conduction using a vibrating tuning fork
105
Rinne
tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC) of sound
106
Weber
tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time
107
tympanoplasty
reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty
108
ophthalmic antibiotics
inhibit growth of microorganisms that infect the eye
| -erythromycin base
109
antiglaucoma agents
decrease aqueous humor production by constricting the pupil to open the angle between the iris and cornea
- timolol
- acetazolamide
110
mydriatics
drugs that disrupt parasym. nerve supply, causing pupil to dilate
-atropine sulfate
111
opthalmic decongestants
constrict the small arterioles of the eye, decrease redness and relieving conjunctival congestion
-tetrahydrozoline
112
opthalmic moisturizers
sooth dry eyes due to environment irritants and allergens
| -buffered isotonic solutions
113
ear antiemetics
treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo by reducing sensitivity of the inner ear to motion or inhibiting stimuli
-meclizine
114
otic analgesics
provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation associated w/otic disorders
-antipyrine and benzocaine
115
wax emulsifiers
loosen and help remove impacted cerumen (ear wax)
| -carbamide peroxide
