Chapter 15

Question 0

What is a gyre

Answer 0

Circular surface current

Question 1

What causes surface currents

Answer 1

Wind

Question 2

Which way do gyres rotate

Answer 2

Circular

Question 3

How many currents exist within each gyre

Answer 3

Four

Question 4

How many gyres are there And where

Answer 4

Five north Pacific South Pacific North Atlantic South Atlantic Indian Ocean

Question 5

What is the Sargasso Sea

Answer 5

Place inside the Atlantic gyre

Question 6

How long does it take for each current to cycle

Answer 6

Six years

Question 7

Where is the Gulfstream

Answer 7

Along the east coast of the US

Question 8

How do currents transfer heat and where is the heat coming from

Answer 8

Convection currents

Equator

Question 9

How does the current affect nearby land

Answer 9

Moving away from the equator makes it warmer

Moving away from the poles makes it colder

Question 10

How do currents affect Earth’s heat budget

Answer 10

Try to make ocean temperature equilibrium Warmwater north Coldwater away from poles

Question 11

What is upwelling

Answer 11

When pushes water away from the coast leaving a void to be filled with cold nutrient rich water from below

Question 12

How does upwelling Occur

Answer 12

Wind blows water away from the coast

Question 13

What kind of movement is upwelling and what causes it

Answer 13

Vertical Movement

Wind blowing surface water away from the coast leaving a void to be filled with cold nutrient rich water

Question 14

Why is upwelling significant to organisms

Answer 14

Cold Nutrient rich water = Happy plankton = Happy fish

Question 15

What is another name for the global ocean conveyor belt

Answer 15

Thermohaline circulation

Question 16

What does thermohaline circulation accomplish

Answer 16

Equals out world salt water because of density differences

Question 17

What is the composition of beach material depend on

Answer 17

Whatever is locally abundant

Question 18

What travels in a wave

Answer 18

Energy

Question 19

What are the characteristics of a wave

Answer 19

Trough crest wave period Wave height wavelength fetch whitecaps swells

Question 20

What is the trough and crest of a wave

Answer 20

Trough = Bottom of the wave
Crest = top of the wave

Question 21

What is wave period And fetch

Answer 21

Wave period = Time it takes one wavelength to pass a fixed position
Fetch = Distance wind has traveled over open water

Question 22

What is wave height and wavelength

Answer 22

Wave height = Crest to trough

Wavelength = Crest to crest

Question 23

What are swells and whitecaps

Answer 23

Whitecaps = breakers when waves of water get to steep
Swells = Any wave that has traveled out of its area of origin

Question 24

What three factors affect height length and period

Answer 24

Wind speed length of time Wind has blown Fetch

Question 25

How does water moving a wave

Answer 25

Circular orbital

Question 26

What happens to the wavelength in the surf zone

Answer 26

It slows down

Question 27

What happens when a wave becomes too high

Answer 27

It breaks and continues towards shore

Question 28

What is Surf

Answer 28

Turbulent water created by breaking waves

Question 29

What is swash and backwash

Answer 29

``` Swash = Turbulent sheet of water from collapsing breakers moving in a diagonal motion Backwash = Following theswash water flows straight back towards the surf zone ```

Question 30

What happens because of wave refraction

Answer 30

Straighten an irregular shoreline

Question 31

What is a dominant feature of high-energy waves

Answer 31

Wave cut cliff - vertical wall of exposed rock

Question 32

What is Longshore transport

Answer 32

Zigzag motion that move sand down the beach

Question 33

What are rip currents

Answer 33

Concentrated movements of water that flows opposite direction of breaking waves

Question 34

Name erosional features

Answer 34

Wave cut cliff Wave cut platform Sea stack Sea arch

Question 35

What is a wave cut cliff and a wave cut platform

Answer 35

Wave cut cliff = Steep cliff along a shoreline | Wave cut platform = Flat almost horizontal surface

Question 36

Draw a sea stack and a sea arch

Answer 36

http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/seastack.gif

Question 37

Name depositional features

Answer 37

``` Spit baymouth bar Tombolo Beach barrier island ```

Question 38

Draw a spit and baymouth bar

Answer 38

Spit - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Provincetown_Spit_Cape_Cod.jpg Baymouth Bar - http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/747/flashcards/1184747/jpg/baymouthbar011331275061103.jpg

Question 39

What is hard stabilization

Answer 39

Structures built to protect the coast from erosion or to prevent the movement of sand along the beach

Question 40

What are groins

Answer 40

A series or a wall of rocks to prevent longshore drift from eroding the beach http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7QjkBSLD4nQ/SOXR5JK81yI/AAAAAAAAAMM/slNC-br2v4k/s400/EE+SeaWall+Sth+May+1987-500k.jpg

Question 41

What are breakwaters

Answer 41

Artificial barriers for storm waves to strike http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/j0yce/j0yce1101/j0yce110100284/8629193-breakwater-wall-in-bar-harbor-maine-in-the-united-states-with-a-small-island-at-the-far-end.jpg

Question 42

What are seawalls

Answer 42

On shore wall parallel to the shore to protect it from incoming waves http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasGulfCoastTowns/GalvestonTexas/GalvestonTexasEndOfSeawall1908TXOPtb.jpg

Question 43

What is the problem with hard stabilization structures

Answer 43

They don't always work

Question 44

What is beach nourishment

Answer 44

Adding large amounts of sand from another location to rebuild a beach

Question 45

What is relocation

Answer 45

Relocating storm damaged or at risk buildings to let nature rebuild the beach

Question 46

What causes tides

Answer 46

The moon and sun's gravity and inertia

Question 47

how many tides are there per day

Answer 47

2 low and 2 high tides

Question 48

What is a springtide and when does it occur

Answer 48

Very high and very low tides | New or full moon

Question 49

What is a neap tide and when does it occur

Answer 49

Small tidal range | When the sun and the moon are at right angles to each other/first and third quarter moons