Chapter 15 - Antimicrobial compounds

Question 1

What do Beta-lactoms target?

Answer 1

They target the cell wall by blocking peptidogycan corss-linking

Question 2

What are an example of Beta-lactoms?

Answer 2

Ampicillin

Question 3

What do Glycopeptides target?

Answer 3

Inhibit Transglycosylation and Transpeptidation or peptidoglycan.

Question 4

What is an example of Glycopeptides?

Answer 4

Vancomycin

Question 5

What is Transglycosylation?

Answer 5

What allows the peptodeglycan to form stings of molecules.

Question 6

What is transpeptidation?

Answer 6

The peptide crosslinking between the strings of molecules in peptodeglycan.

Question 7

What does Phosphonomycin target?

Answer 7

Prevents the connection of UDP-NAM to UDP-NAG.

Question 8

Bacitracin

Answer 8

Inhibits recycling of bactoprenol (blocks movements of peptidoglycan subunits from the membrane)

Question 9

Teixobactin

Answer 9

Blocks precursors of peptiodogylcan and teichoic acid.

Question 10

What type of bacterium is teixobactin inaffective against?

Answer 10

Gram (-)

Question 11

What do Aminoglycosides target?

Answer 11

Prevents proofreading of protiens by binding to 50s subunit

Question 12

Tetracycline

Answer 12

Blocks tRNAs from getting to the A site of the ribosome. Thus stopping protien sythensis.

Question 13

Macrolides

Answer 13

Blocks ribosome translocation.

Question 14

Are Macrolides bacterialcidle or bacteriostatic?

Answer 14

Static

Question 15

Lincosamides

Answer 15

Prevents the translocation of the ribosome. It works bets with anaerobes

Question 16

Do Aminoglycosides bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?

Answer 16

30s

Question 17

Do Macrolides bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?

Answer 17

50s

Question 17

Do Tetracylines bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?

Answer 17

30s

Question 18

Do lincosamides bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?

Answer 18

50s

Question 19

How is Rifampin bacteriocidal?

Answer 19

It blocks RNA polymerase

Question 20

Quinolones and Flouroquinolones target what in bacteria.

Answer 20

DNA

Question 21

Rifampin targest what nucleic acid?

Answer 21

RNA

Question 21

How do Quinolones and Flouroquinolones target DNA?

Answer 21

They block gyrase and topoisomerase

Question 22

Metronidazole targest DNA or RNA?

Answer 22

DNA

Question 22

Metronidazole is also known as what?

Answer 22

Flagyl

Question 23

How does metronidazole target bacteria?

Answer 23

It is activated by either flavodoxin or ferredoxin in anaerobic bacteria and cleaves its DNA.

Question 24

What pathway do Sulfonamides target?

Answer 24

PABA

Question 25

How do Sulfonamides kill bacteria?

Answer 25

By competeative inhibition as they are an analog of PABA.

Question 26

What does trimethoprim target?

Answer 26

Dihydrofolic acid in PABA pathway.

Question 27

How does trimethoprim interfer with bacterial metabolics?

Answer 27

Competative inhibition of PABA pathway by way of being an analog od Dihydrofolic acid

Question 27

How do polymyxins work?

Answer 27

Theybind tothe LPS and salidify it, thus disrupting the membrane and killing the pathogen.

Question 27

Polymyxins are considered a last resort anibiotic. Why?

Answer 27

They target the any bacteria and are extremely affective. They are one of the only antibiotics to combate Gram negative superbugs.

Question 28

What is a Disinfectant?

Answer 28

A marterial that is too toxic to be used interanly but kills or stunts pathogens. They are used on inanimate obects or sufaces.

Question 29

What is a Antiseptic?

Answer 29

An antimicrobial compound that is applied topically only.

Question 30

How do alcohols kill bacteria?

Answer 30

They denature protiens

Question 31

How does formaldehyde kill bacteria?

Answer 31

Cross links protiens and nucleic aicd to prevent them from being functional

Question 32

How do Halides (ex. Cl, Br, F) kill bacteria?

Answer 32

They are oxidixing agents.

Question 33

How do quats kill bacteria?

Answer 33

They disrupt the membrane by intragrading itself into the phosolibib bilayer. However, it only has one tail so the membrane falls apart.

Question 34

How do heavy metals kill bacteria?

Answer 34

They denature protiens

Question 35

How do Phenols kill bacteria?

Answer 35

They denature protines and disrupt the cell membrane.

Question 36

How does UV radiation kill bacteria?

Answer 36

It causes thymine dimers to appear in the DNA which damages the DNA so it is not functional.

Question 37

How does Ionizing radiation kill bacteria?

Answer 37

It causes double stranded breaks in the DNA which are very difficult to repare.