chapter 15 Data Exploration Part 2: Inferential Statistics

Question 1

population

Answer 1

all members of some group

Question 2

sample

Answer 2

a subset of a population

Question 3

parameter

Answer 3

in stats, a quantity computed from a population

Question 4

standard error of the mean

Answer 4

Standard Deviation of a sampling distribution

based on lots of sample; need to have multiple samples to determine standard error

Question 5

alternative hypothesis

Answer 5

research hypothesis

Question 6

null hypothesis

Answer 6

hypothesis that is of no scientific intererst; sometimes hypothesis of no interest

Question 7

one tailed hypothesus test

Answer 7

statistical test of a directional hypothesis

Question 8

two tailed hypothesis test

Answer 8

stat test of a nondirectional hypothesis

Question 9

type 1 error

Answer 9

rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true

Question 10

type 2 error

Answer 10

accepting a null when it is false

Question 11

alpha

Answer 11

probability of a type 1 error

Question 12

statistical significance

Answer 12

the probability that an experiment result happened by chance (error is low p value less than alpha)

Question 13

effect size

Answer 13

relationship bw two variables; are they related ; how strong is the relationship

Question 14

chi square

Answer 14

Tests Frequency Data to determine whether two categorical variables are related.

Question 15

expected frequency

Answer 15

anticipated values of the frequeincies based on probability resulting from theory

Question 16

observed frequencies

Answer 16

actual frequencies obtained from a sample

Question 17

ANOVA

Answer 17

Compares more than two conditions
(For only two, use a t-test)
Tests the significance of a difference among several conditions in an experiment by making two different estimates of the variability that would be expected if the null hypothesis is true.