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Anatomy > Chapter 15 - Digestive system > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Digestive system Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What is the general structure of the digestion process?

A

Mechanical digestion

Chemical digestion

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2
Q

What is the food example in the book?

A

Sandwich

  • Bread
  • Ham
  • Mayonaisse
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3
Q

What is the complex carbohydrate?

A

Bread

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4
Q

What is the protein?

A

Ham

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5
Q

What is the mayonaise?

A

Lipids

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6
Q

What are the Carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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7
Q

What are the proteins?

A

Amino acids

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8
Q

What are the lipids?

A

Monoglycerides and fatty acids

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9
Q

What happens with the carbohydrates in the small intestine?

A
  • Polysaccharide (starch)
  • Salivary and pancreatic amylase
  • Glucose
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10
Q

What happens with the proteins in the small intestine and the stomach?

A
  • Pepsin
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11
Q

What happens with the lipids in the small intestine?

A
  • Bile

- Pancreatic lipase

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12
Q

What does the Monoglycerides come from?

A

Glycerol

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13
Q

What are the order of the proteins?

A
  1. Carbs
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
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14
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

Is a continous, coiled, hollow tube that runs through the ventral cavity from stomach to anus

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15
Q

What are the organs of the alimentary canal? (7)

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Anus
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16
Q

What are the two parts of the Pharynx?

A

Laryngopharynx

Oropharynx

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17
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Dudenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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18
Q

What are the three glands of the digestive system?

A
  • Sublingual salivary gland
  • Submandibular salivary gland
  • Parotid salivary gland
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19
Q

What os the first step of the Digestive system in general?

A

Macromolecules in the bolus of food are ingested and mechanically broken down.

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20
Q

What is the second step of the digestive system in general?

A

Enzymes are released from glands that aid in breaking down macromolecules into smaller products the cells can use

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21
Q

What is the third step of the digestive system in general?

A

Final products are absorbed into the bloodstream

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22
Q

What is the fourth step of the digestive system in general?

A

Final products are transported through the bloodstream and finally delivered to the cells, where they can be used as nutrients

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23
Q

What are the two parts of the digestive system?

Study These Flashcards
A

Thoracic

Abdominopelvic

24
Q

What are the four layers of the wall of the digestive tract? (My Submarine Move South)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis Externa
  4. Serosa
25
What is the inner most layer of the wall of the digestive tract
Mucosa
26
What is the outermost layer of the wall of the digestive tract?
Serosa
27
What is the Duodenum?
Is a specialized sac that contains three layers of smooth muscle within its wall Site for absorption
28
What is the function of the gastric juice?
Contains pepsin, HCI (Hydrochloric acid) and mucus (this are all enzymes) When the gastric juice combines with food, a mixture called chyme is formed
29
What are the 3 increase surface area in the small intestine?
- Microvilli - Circular fold - Villus
30
What are the functions of the Microvilli, Villus and the Circular fold?
Increase surface area to better facilitate absorption of nutrients
31
What are the three parts of the small intestine? (Don't Jump In)
- Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum
32
What is chyme?
Is a liquid that comes out in the Hepatopancreatic sphincter and is what the endocrine gland produces
33
What are the two functions of the pancreas?
Endocrine gland | Exocrine gland
34
What is the exocrine gland?
Vast majority of the epithelial cells (99%) | Is outside
35
What is the endocrine gland?
Is in the duodenum The remaining 1% Produce hormones that diffuse into the bloodstream
36
What is the bile in the liver?
Is thic, alkaline solution produced by hepatocytes (liver cells) and drains into vessels, into ducts, which transports the bile away from the liver and into the gallbladder
37
What is the hepatopancreatic sphincter?
Thickened band of smooth muscle which mostly remains closed so that the gallbladder fills with bile
38
Where is the Bile stored?
In the gallbladder
39
What os the large intestine?
Hollow muscular tube about 5 feet long | It connects the end of the small intestine (ileum) to yhe anus
40
What are the three parts of the large intestine?
Cecum Colon Rectum
41
What are the four parts of the colon?
- Ascending - Transverse - Descending - Sigmoid Colon
42
What is Sigmoid?
The term in which is an S shaped
43
What is the sigmoid colon?
The last portion of the large intestine
44
What is the ileocecal sphincter?
Is the valve between the small and large intestine that prevents material from flowing back into the small intestine
45
Which organ receives undigested food from the small intestine?
Large intestine
46
Which organ produces bile?
Liver
47
The mucosa of the small intestine is
Simple columnar epithelium
48
Which part of the digestive system moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?
Esophagus
49
Which organ is the primary site of nutrient absorption?
Small intestine
50
Which part of the digestive system prevents the movement of gastric fluids back to the esophagus?
Lower esophageal sphincter
51
Which organ stores bile?
Gallbladder
52
The first part of the small intestine receiving material from the stomach, pancreas and liver, is the...
Duodenum
53
Which parts of the small intestine increase surface area?
- Circular folds - Villi - Microvilli
54
Blood reaches the glomerular capillaries via the...
Afferent arteriole
55
The renal corpuscle is composed of which parts?
Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

Anatomy (13 decks)

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