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Biology 30 > Chapter 15 - Endocrine system > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

What temperature does the human body work best at?

A

37’C

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2
Q

Your body attempts to do Homeostasis, why?

A

To keep your body balanced, and to be able to adjust to the environment.

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3
Q

Endocrinology is closely connect to the nervous system, what is endocrinology?

A

The study of hormones

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4
Q

Nervous system has ______ changes in the body.

A

Fast

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5
Q

The endocrine system is designed to maintain control over _____ durations.

A

Long

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6
Q

Hormones ________ affects all cells. Explain.

A

Do not
Hormones travel throughout the whole body and when they pass the pancreas or the adrenal gland etc., or whatever gland it is looking for it activates.

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7
Q

Hormones are made of?

A

Protein

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8
Q

Hormones are produced in the?

A

Glands

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9
Q

A _____ amount of a hormone is required to alter a cell.

A

Small

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10
Q

Hormones travel in the______?

A

Circulatory system (by the blood)

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11
Q

Secrete means?

A

To release

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12
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Glands that secrete their hormones into the bloodstream. (Stays inside the body)

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13
Q

Where are endocrine glands located?

A

Throughout the body

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14
Q

Where is the pituitary gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Middle of the head

Endocrine

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15
Q

Where is the Thyroid gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Base of the neck

Endocrine

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16
Q

What shape is the thyroid gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Like a butterfly

Endocrine

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17
Q

Where is the parathyroid gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

On the thyroid

Endocrine

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18
Q

Where is the adrenal gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

On top of the kidneys

Endocrine

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19
Q

Where is the Pancreas gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Left side under stomach

Endocrine

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20
Q

Where is the ovaries gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Lower abdomen - gonad

Endocrine

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21
Q

Where is the testes gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

In the scrotum - gonad

Endocrine

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22
Q

Where is the hypothalamus gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Above the pituitary

Endocrine

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23
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Glands that secrete substances anywhere else other than the bloodstream

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24
Q

What are some examples of an exocrine gland?

A

Sweat glands, Saliva glands, Pancreas (does both)

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25
What is the master gland?
The pituitary gland
26
Why is the pituitary gland the master gland?
Because it exercises control over the other endocrine glands
27
What size is the pituitary gland?
About the size of a peanut
28
The pituitary gland is connected to the ________ which is _________.
Hypothalamus, near the base of the brain
29
The pituitary gland both _________ and ________ hormones.
Produces, stores
30
The pituitary gland consists of ______ lobe, these lobes are the ________ and the ________.
Two, Anterior Pituitary, Posterior Pituitary
31
HGH - Full name? Anterior or Posterior? Purpose?
Human growth hormone Anterior pituitary Bone and muscle growth
32
TSH - Full name? Anterior or Posterior? Purpose?
Thyroid stimulating hormone Anterior pituitary Metabolism
33
ACTH - Full name? Anterior or Posterior? Purpose?
Adrenalcorticotropic hormone Anterior pituitary Adrenalin
34
FSH - Full name? Anterior or Posterior? Purpose?
Follicule stimulating hormone Anterior pituitary Sperm production, egg maturing
35
LH - Full name? Anterior or Posterior? Purpose?
Leutenizing hormone Anterior pituitary Testosterone, ovulation
36
Prolactin - Full name? Anterior or Posterior? Purpose?
Prolactin Anterior pituitary Produces milk
37
The anterior pituitary gland is at the _____ while the posterior pituitary is at the _____.
Front, back
38
Posterior pituitary secretes but does not produce ______ and _______.
ADH, Oxytocin
39
ADH - Full name? Anterior or Posterior? Purpose?
Antidiuretic hormone Posterior pituitary Retains water, targets kidneys
40
Oxytocin - Full name? Anterior or Posterior? Purpose?
Oxytocin Posterior pituitary Milk let down, uterine contractions
41
4 ways of inducing labor
1. Natural - trampoline 2. The drip - Oxytocin in a IV 3. Gel on the cervix - Oxytocin gel 4. Break water - Crochet hook type needle rupture sac
42
How is the Growth hormone produced? And what does it promote?
By the anterior pituitary, and the elongation of the skeleton.
43
When the body ages, ______ is replaced by ______.
Protein, fat
44
HGH can also breakdown ______, increasing ________ levels in the body. This is often used as a _______ for the body when sugars are ______.
Fats, fatty acid, fuel source, low
45
Why is baby fat lost in growth spurts?
Because HGH breaks down fats, using it as a fuel source.
46
What is hyper secretion?
When too much HGH is released.
47
What is gigantism?
(Ginormous) When the growth plates do not fuse together.
48
What is Acromegaly?
(Not always giant sized) The growth plates are fused, they have really heavy brow and facial bones, and big hands.
49
What is hypo secretion?
When too little HGH is released.
50
What are some examples of hypo secretion?
Frolics, dwarfism, primordial dwarfism.
51
The thyroid gland produces and releases what?
Thyroxine and calcitonin
52
What does thyroxine do, and where does it come from?
It increases a person's metabolic rate. It comes from the thyroid gland.
53
Which hormone is released from the pituitary to stimulate the thyroid to release thyroxin into the blood?
TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone.
54
What does calcitonin do, and where does it come from?
It helps regulates the amount of calcium in the blood( lets calcium into the cells, decreasing blood calcium). It comes from the thyroid.
55
What are three different thyroid disorders?
1. A goiter 2. Hyperthyroidism 3. Hypothyroidism
56
What happens when a person has hyperthyroidism (6 things), and what area causes this?
- Metabolism speeds up - Weigh less - Larger appetite - Increased body temperature (sweating) - Increased heart rate - Increased breathing. The thyroid gland.
57
What happens when a person has hypothyroidism (6 things), and what area causes this?
- Metabolism slows down - Weight gain - Little appetite - Low body temperature - Lower heart rate - Slower breathing The thyroid gland
58
What does the parathyroid gland release?
PTH - parathyroid hormone
59
What does PTH inhibit?
The release of calcitonin from the thyroid.
60
PTH _________ blood calcium.
Increases
61
PTH and calcitonin are _______?
Antagonistic
62
The pancreas is both an _______ and an _________ gland.
Exocrine, endocrine
63
The pancreas produces _________ in the digestive tract and hormone that regulate ________. (mystery of the burning poop)
buffers, blood sugars
64
Insulin (in-cell-in) causes the _______ and the ______ to become more permeable to ________, letting _______ into the cells, therefore _______ blood sugar levels.
muscles, liver, glucose, sugar, reducing | The sugar goes into the cells instead of the blood
65
Glucagon (glucose-be-gone) causes the ________ to _______ ________, therefore _______ blood sugar levels.
liver, release, glucose, increasing | sugar is released into the blood
66
Glucagon is needed when ____ on sugar
low
67
Insulin is needed when ______ on sugar
High
68
Glucagon converts _________ into ______
glycogen ---> glucose
69
Insulin converts ______ into ________
Glucose ----> glycogen
70
Sugar diabetes is caused by the inability to produce ______
insulin
71
Sugar diabetes left untreated can cause: (5 things)
Blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, possible limb amputation, and eventually death
72
Hyperglycaemia is when you have ______________?
High blood sugar
73
Hypoglycaemia is when you have ________________?
Low blood sugar
74
What are the three different diabetes mellitus?
Type 1 Type 2 Gestational Diabetes
75
What is type 1 diabetes?
When the pancreas cannot make insulin. (individuals have to take insulin to live)
76
What is type 2 diabetes?
Decreased insulin production or ineffective use of insulin. (can be controlled by diet, exercise, and some drugs)
77
What is gestational diabetes?
Temporary diabetes occurring in about 3% of pregnant women.
78
You can smell acetone on one's breath when?
The body turns to fats for energy (excessively)
79
Where is the adrenal medulla located?
On the inner part of the adrenal gland (on top of the kidneys)
80
Where is the adrenal cortex located?
On the outer part of the adrenal gland (on top of the kidneys)
81
What does the adrenal medulla produce?
It produces epinephrine and norepinephrine (noradrenalin) - speeds up the nervous system
82
What does the adrenal context produce?
It produces cortisol and aldosterone
83
What is cortisol?
Increases blood glucose allowing for cell recovery and tissue repair (increases amino acids)
84
What is aldosterone?
Increases sodium retention in the kidney tubules (keeping water in body)
85
What is testosterone?
A male sex hormone, it stimulates spermatogenesis, begins puberty
86
What does estrogen do?
From a maturing follicle it builds the endometrium
87
What is progesterone?
It keeps the endometrium, it comes from the corpus luteum (left over follicle)
88
What are islets of langerhans?
Cells that (pancreas) produce hormones insulin and glucogen
89
What is glycogen?
Stored sugar

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