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Gen Med Test 3 > Chapter 15: Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Infectious Diseases Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Transmission

A
  • airborne
  • direct contact
  • blood borne
  • food/water borne
  • be sanitary!!!
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2
Q

Vaccination

A
  • immunization has deterred the spread of many adult and childhood diseases such as MMR
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3
Q

Influenza

A
  • 36000 deaths and 200,000 hospitalizations
  • fever, cough, sore throat, body ache, headache, chills, and fatigue
  • contagious from 1 day before the onset and up to 7 days after they realize they are sick
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4
Q

People at rick for flu

A
  • all age groups
  • young children and older adults
  • highest prevalence in school-age children
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5
Q

Flu treatment

A
  • analgesics for headache (no aspirin)
  • nasal sprays
  • antitussives
  • flu vaccines
  • adequate hydration
  • rest
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6
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A
  • kissing disease
  • caused by epstein-barr virus
  • common among college-aged athletes
  • herpes virus that attacks lymphocytes and nasopharyngeal cells
  • incubation is 10 to 50 days
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7
Q

Mono treatment

A
  • supportive care
  • rest
  • hydration
  • tylenol
  • avoid use of NSAIDs over course of illness because of hepatic compromise
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8
Q

Mumps

A
  • contagious viral disease that manifests with enlarged parotid and salivary glands and shows up in sublingual or submaxillary glands
  • acute epidemic peaks in late winter
  • mainly kids 5-15 yo
  • 2-3 week incubation period
  • spread via air and silva
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9
Q

Mumps Treatment, prognosis and RTP

A
  • isolate from other players until parotid swelling returns to normal
  • analgesics
  • antipyretics
  • soft diet
  • most symptoms resolve w/in 3-10 day
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10
Q

Rubeola

A
  • measles
  • before immunization, more than 90% of population was infected by the age of 20
  • spread through airborne droplets
  • incubation is typically 10 days but can range from 7-18
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11
Q

Rubeola Treatment, Prognosis, and RTP

A
  • OTC analgesics, and antipyretics
  • hydration
  • antibacterial therapy
  • may return to activity when no longer infectious
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12
Q

Rubella

A
  • german measles
  • acute contagious virus that produces mild symptoms in children and adults
  • acquired through the upper respiratory tract or through placental blood exchange
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13
Q

Rubella risks during pregnancy

A
  • cause death or profound congenital defects in infants born to mothers infected during the first trimester of pregnancy
  • growth restrictions
  • retinopathy
  • mental retardation
  • behavior disorders
  • diabetes
  • cardiac defects
  • death
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14
Q

Varicella - chicken pox

A
  • acute
  • viral
  • highly communicable disease characterized by clusters of maculopapular skin eruptions
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15
Q

Chicken pox signs and sypmtoms

A
  • mild headache is 1st sign
  • low-grade fever
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • vesicular rash within 6-8 hours
  • crusting occurs
  • disease lasts 4-7 days
  • lesions healed within 2-3 weeks
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16
Q

Long term effects of chicken pox

A
  • may be severe in adults, immunosuppressed persons taking corticosteroids or receiving cancer therapy
  • conjunctive ulcers, encephalitis, meningitis, cellulitis. guillain-barre
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17
Q

Chicken pox transmission

A
  • droplet contact
  • incubation = 2-3 weeks
  • individual considered infectious from the time of exposure until final lesions crust over
  • virus remains dormant in dorsal root ganglia
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18
Q

Persons at risk for chicken pox

A
  • common childhood disease
  • susceptible from 6 months of age to time contract the disease
  • immunity is produced after having the disease
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19
Q

Chicken pox treatment

A
  • antihistamines and topical steroids to relieve itching
  • vaccination after 1st birthday
  • baking soda paste or calamine lotion on lesion
  • isolation, cool room, distraction
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20
Q

Herpes zoster - shingles

A
  • acute, cos infection involving the dorsal root ganglia that is characterized by vesicular eruptions and neuralgic pain in various areas of the skin
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21
Q

Shingles s&s

A 
chills
fever
malaise
gi upset 3-4 days before
crops of vesicles on erythematous base (along dermatome)
hyperesthesia
severe pain
burning/itching
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22
Q

shingles phases

A
  • postherpetic phase = neuralgia that may persist for months
  • long-term effect =
  • 7 to 10 days
  • urinary retention
  • unilateral paralysis
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23
Q

People at risk for shingles

A
  • local trauma
  • acute illness
  • emotional stress
  • immune system compromised
  • immunosuppressive therapy
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24
Q

Shingles treatment

A
  • analgesics for pain
  • antipyretics for itching
  • TENS
  • Cryotherapy
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25
Hepatitis A
- liver disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) - can affect anyone - single cases or widespread
26
HAV s&s
- jaundice - fatigue - abdominal pain - loss of appetite - nausea - diarrhea - fever
27
HAV long term effects
- no chronic infection - can't have it twice - 15% of people infected will have prolonged or relapsing symptoms over 6-9 month period
28
HAV transmission
- feces - spread by feces to mouth - milk - sliced meat - shellfish - salads
29
HAV persons at risk
- household - sex contact - children living in regions of the US with increased rate of HAV - injecting and non-injecting drug users
30
HAV Prevention
- vaccine - immune globulin 2 weeks from infection - hand washing
31
HAV vaccine recommendations
- travelers to areas at risk - drug users - persons with hemophilia - chronic liver disease - children living in infected areas
32
Hepatitis B
- virus that attacks the liver | - can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis, cancer, failure, and death
33
Hepatitis B s&s
- jaundice - fatigue - abdominal pain - pain referred to right shoulder - loss of appetite - nausea, vomiting - joint pain
34
HBV long-term effects
- chronic infection occurs in: 90% of infants at birth, 30% of children aged 1-5, and 6% of people over age 5 - death from chronic liver disease occurs in 15-20% of chronically infected persons
35
HBV transmission
- when blood or body fluids from infected persons is enters a non-immune person - sex - needles - needle sticks - mothers to babies during birth
36
HBV groups at risk
- multiple sex partners - gays - drug users - infants born to mothers with it - healthcare and public safety workers
37
HBV prevention
- vaccine - condoms - pregnant get checked - don't use IV drugs but if you have to don't share needles - don't share personal items - tattoos? - don't donate body things
38
HBV treatment and management
- evaluation for liver disease - don't use drugs if pregnant - drinking alcohol can make it worse - number of new infections has declined - documented transmission among football players
39
HBV participation in sport
- non contact allowed depending on symptoms - refrain from wrestling and boxing - chronic infection should not participate in close-contact combative sports
40
Hepatitis C
- liver disease | - spread by contact with blood of an infected person
41
HCV s&s
- jaundice - fatigue - dark urine - abdominal pain - loss of appetite - nausea
42
HCV long-term effects
- chronic infection = 70-85% | - deaths are
43
HCV transmission
- sharing blood or body fluids - sharing needles - needle sticks - infected mother
44
HCV transmission recommendations for testing
- injecting drug users - clotting factor recipients before 1987 - hemodialysis patients - recipients of blood or organs before 1992 - infants
45
HCV prevention
- no vaccine available - don't share needles - don't share razors - don't donate
46
HCV treatment
- interferon and ribavirin - combination therapy can get rid of virus in 4 out of 10 persons - alcohol makes it worse - decline in # of infections - usually due to needles/drugs
47
Hepatitis D
- delta virus that needs the Hep B virus to exist - sexually transmitted - 2-20% mortality rate
48
Hepatitis E
- does not occur in the US
49
Streptococcal
- small gram-positive chains of bacteria normally found quite often in human tissue - A,B,C,D, and G - A,B and D are the most common
50
Strep A
- tonsilitis - strep throat - impetigo - myositis - pneumonia - TSS - cellulitis - rheumatic fever
51
Strep B
- endocarditis - septic arthritis - post-partum sepsis - neonatal pneumonia
52
Treatment for Strep
- penicillin - erythromycin - isolation (scarlet fever)
53
Staphylococcal infections
- found in skin of 20% of healthy adults - grape like clusters of gram-positive bacteria that cause a tremendous number of infections - benign skin wounds
54
Folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles
- infections of skin, and subcutaneous tissues by staph - inflammation - pain - hard painful nodules - discharge - carbuncles are extremely painful deep abscess, pus, and multiple openings
55
Management for folliculitis etc.
- topical or oral antibiotic - incision and drainage of furuncles and carbuncles - warm compresses
56
Impetigo
- superficial vesiculopustular infection - arms, legs. face - streptococci or staphylococcci
57
impetigo s&s
- intense itching and burning - lymphadenopathy - fluid-filled vesicles that rupture and become crusted skin lesions - don't scratch
58
People at risk for impetigo
- infants, small children - poor hygiene - crowding - poor nutrition - multiple skin breaks
59
medical treatment for impetigo
- topical antiinfective - antipruritics for itching - wash crusted lesions with soap and water, cool, moist compresses - mittings
60
MRSA
- 100,000 people are treated annually
61
Encephalitis
- inflammation of the brain - viral infection - primary = direct viral invasion of brain and spinal cord - secondary = typically complication of a viral infection in another part of the body - rare but most common mosquito-borne disease in US
62
Aseptic meningitis
- inflammation of the meninges and CSF - less severe than bacterial meningitis - lasts 7 to 10 days
63
Bacterial meningits
- acute and life threatening | - 100 to 125 cases annually on college campuses 5 -15 students die as a result
64
red flags for meningitis
- severe headache - high fever - stiff neck

Gen Med Test 3 (5 decks)

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