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Med Term > Chapter 15: Nervous System (Exam 3, bright yellow cards) > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Nervous System (Exam 3, bright yellow cards) Flashcards

1
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

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3
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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4
Q

gangli/o

A

ganglion (knot or knot-like mass)

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5
Q

gli/o

A

glue; neuroglial tissue

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6
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

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7
Q

lept/o

A

thin, slender

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8
Q

lex/o

A

word, phrase

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9
Q

mening/o
meningi/o

A

meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

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10
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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11
Q

nar/o

A

stupor; numbness; sleep

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12
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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13
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

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14
Q

sthen/o

A

strength

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15
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

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16
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (usually referring to the meninges)

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17
Q

ton/o

A

tension

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18
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of the heart or brain)

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19
Q

-algesia
-algia

A

pain

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20
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness, debility

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21
Q

-esthesia

A

feeling

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22
Q

-kinesia

A

movement

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23
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

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24
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

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25
Q

-phasia

A

speech

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26
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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27
Q

-taxia

A

order, coordination

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28
Q

pachy-

A

thick

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29
Q

para-

A

near, beside; beyond

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30
Q

syn-

A

union, together, joined

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31
Q

agnosia

A

inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory, or other sensations, even though the sensory sphere is intact

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32
Q

Alzheimer disease (AD)

A

Type of age-associated dementia caused by small lesions called plaques that develop in the cerebral cortex and interrupt the passage of electrochemical signals between cells
- cerebral degeneration

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33
Q

anencephaly

A

congenital deformity in which some or all of the fetal brain is missing

34
Q

closed head trauma

A

injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed

35
Q

coma

A

abnormally deep unconsciousness with an absence of voluntary response to stimuli

36
Q

concussion

A

traumatic injury to the brain that causes unconsciousness and is commonly of a temporary nature

37
Q

convulsion

A

any sudden and violent contraction of one or more voluntary muscles that is commonly associated with such brain disorders as epilepsy

38
Q

dementia

A

broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment

39
Q

dyslexia

A

inability to learn and process written language, despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure

40
Q

Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

Autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves damaging their myelin sheaths, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness
- infective/idiopathic polyneuritis

41
Q

herpes zoster

A

Acute inflammatory eruption of highly painful vesicles on the trunk of the body or, occasionally, the face that is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox
- shingles

42
Q

Huntington chorea

A

CNS disorder characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration
- neurodegenerative genetic disorder

43
Q

hydrocephalus

A

Accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones

44
Q

lethargy

A

abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli

45
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

Chronic, progressive disorder in which a loss of neurotransmitter receptors produces increasingly severe muscle weakness

46
Q

spina bifida

A

Congenital deformity of the neural tube (embryonic structure that becomes the fetal brain and spinal cord), which fails to close during fetal development
- neural tube defect

47
Q

meningocele

A

form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine

48
Q

myelomeningocele

A

most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine

49
Q

occulta

A

form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed, and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin

50
Q

palsy

A

paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor

51
Q

Bell palsy

A

facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the seventh cranial nerve
- facial nerve palsy

52
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

type of paralysis that affects movement and muscle coordination and may affect gross and fine motor skills

53
Q

paralysis

A

loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without sensation

54
Q

paresthesia

A

sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity

55
Q

Parkinson disease

A

Degenerative disorder in which the progressive loss of brain cells leads to impairment in motor function, including tremors, muscular rigidity, and a slowing of movement
- paralysis agitans
- shaking palsy

56
Q

poliomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

57
Q

radiculopathy

A

Disorder affecting one or more nerves at the location where the nerve root exits the spine and commonly the result of a herniated or compressed disk, degenerative changes, arthritis, or bone spurs
- radiculitis

58
Q

Reye Syndrome

A

Potentially fatal syndrome that commonly causes brain swelling and liver damage and is characterized by confusion, hyperventilation, violent behavior, seizures, and possibly coma
- acute noninflammatory encephalopathy
- fatty degenerative liver failure

59
Q

syncope

A

brief loss of consciousness and posture caused by a temporary decrease of blood flow to the brain
- fainting

60
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses

61
Q

electromyography

A

Recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess muscular disease or nerve damage

62
Q

lumbar puncture

A

Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids (such as radiopaque substances) to be injected
- spinal puncture
- spinal tap

63
Q

nerve conduction velocity (NCV)

A

test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nervec

64
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

A

Laboratory test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord that helps diagnose disorders of the central nervous system, including viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage

65
Q

computed tomography angiography (CTA, CT angiography)

A

Radiographic image of the interior of a vessel in combination with a CT scan to produce high-resolution, three-dimensional images of blood vessels

66
Q

discography

A

CT scan of the lumbar region after injection of a contrast medium to detect problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots

67
Q

echoencephalography

A

Ultrasound technique used to study intracranial structures of the brain and diagnose conditions that cause a shift in the midline structures of the brain

68
Q

magnetic source imaging (MSI)

A

Noninvasive neuroimaging technique to pinpoint the specific location where seizure activity originates and enable custom surgical treatment for tumor and epileptic tissue resection
- magnetoencephalography

69
Q

myelography

A

Radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors following injection of a contrast medium

70
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

Computed tomography that records the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical and produces a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease

71
Q

cryosurgery

A

technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it

72
Q

thalamotomy

A

Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain; involuntary movements, including tremors in Parkinson disease; or emotional disturbances

73
Q

tractotomy

A

transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord

74
Q

trephination

A

technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

75
Q

ventriculoperitoneal shunting

A

Relieves intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus by diverting (shunting) excess cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity

76
Q

intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

A

Treatment for ischemic stroke using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a potent clot-busting drug, injected directly into a vein

77
Q

plasmapheresis

A

Extracorporeal procedure to treat patients with autoimmune diseases by removing their plasma containing the offending antibodies and replacing it with donor plasma or plasma substitutes

78
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)

A

Procedure that uses three-dimensional imaging (stereotactic) along with high doses of highly focused radiation to destroy tumors and other abnormal growths in the brain, spinal column, and other body sites with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissue

79
Q

stroke

A

any disorder of the cerebral blood vessels that results in an interruption of blood flow to the brain
- cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
- brain attack

80
Q

ischemic stroke

A

blockage of carotid arteries by plaque or thrombus, resulting in insufficient blood flow to the brain

81
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A

compression and destruction of brain structures from released blood

82
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

release of blood into the space surrounding the brain; commonly caused by a ruptured aneurysm; usually fatal

Med Term (17 decks)

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