Chapter 15 - Part 2

Question 1

Transport vesicle

Answer 1

Carries soluble proteins between membrane and compartments.
Allows materials to exit or enter cell via Endo/exocytosis

Question 2

What drives vesicle budding?

Answer 2

Protein coat

Question 3

Endomembrane System

Answer 3

Golgi
ER
Peroxisomes
Endosomes
Lysosomes

Question 4

Transport vesicles origin

Answer 4

Bud from one membrane and fuse with another allowing for endomembrane transport

Question 5

Adaptin

Answer 5

Mediate interaction between tranmembrane proteins and Clatherin

Question 6

Clatherin

Answer 6

Coated vesicles and transport selected molecules.
Dorm basket like cage for shape
Cargo with bound cargo receptors are captured by clatherin

Question 7

Dynamin

Answer 7

Recruited to neck of membrane to pinch off vesicle and captured protein

Question 8

COP II Vesicles

Answer 8

Used early in secretory pathway

Question 9

COP I vesicles

Answer 9

Used late in secretory pathway

Question 10

Clatherin coated vesicles

Answer 10

Transport between golgi, endosome, and plasma membrane

Question 11

What controls vesicle docking

Answer 11

RAB proteins
SNARES

Question 12

RAB Protein

Answer 12

Bind vesicle to specific tethering proteins

Question 13

V-SNARE / T-SNARE

Answer 13

Transmembrane protein on vesicle that interacts with proteins on target membrane to help dock vesicle after tether proteins capture vesicle. Intertwine after docking to fuse bilayers

Question 14

Secretory vesicle origin

Answer 14

Bud from golgi

Question 15

SNARE proteins

Answer 15

Catalyze fusion of vesicle to target membrane

Question 16

Glycosylation

Answer 16

Oligosaccharides on proteins in ER
Helps folding in ER, protects from degredation, cell recognition, carb. layer, and guide downstream (transport signal)

Question 17

Oligosaccharide chains are further modified in

Answer 17

Golgi

Question 18

What determines size of ER

Answer 18

Demand for protein folding

Question 19

What triggers unfolded protein response

Answer 19

Accumulation of misfolded protein in ER lumen

Question 20

Unfolded protein response

Answer 20

ER membrane proteins detect accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER and activates downstream process to fix it

Question 21

Secretory pathway

Answer 21

Vesicles leaving ER headed to golgi

Question 22

Cis Golgi network

Answer 22

Closest side to ER
Where transport vesicles fuse and enter Golgi

Question 23

Constitutive (unregulated) pathway

Answer 23

Supplies plasma membrane with newly synthesized lipids and proteins via exocytosis

Question 24

Regulated pathway

Answer 24

Specialized secretory cells and secret secreted molecules have properties allowing them to aggregate. Ex. Hormones, neurotransmitters

Question 25

Lysosomes function

Answer 25

Organelles required for breakdown of nutrients, phagocytosed, microbes, cell debris, etc

Question 26

Trans Golgi

Answer 26

Protein exit in a transport vesicle to head towards another organelle or cell surface. Regulated and constitutive pathways of exocytosis diverge here

Question 27

Ways secretory pathway is studied

Answer 27

In a test tube with isolated organelles Live organisms using temperature sensitive mutants Tagging proteins, using GFP to visualize pathway and track molecule of interest through endomembrane system

Question 28

Pinocytosis

Answer 28

Cell take up fluid and macromolecules

Question 29

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 29

Specific route to animal cells for specific extracellular molecules like viruses

Question 30

Hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 30

In lysosomes to help break down. active in acidic conditions.

Question 31

How are Lysosomes formed

Answer 31

Fusion of late endosomes with preexisting lysosomes to form enolysosomes

Question 32

Endocytosis

Answer 32

Transport into cell via membrane

Question 33

Phagocytosis

Answer 33

Cell eating large particles

Question 34

Autophagy

Answer 34

Cell drinking small vesicles to obtain fluid and solutes.

Question 35

Cargo receptor function

Answer 35

Bind directly to cargo proteins and Clatherin