Chapter 15 sections 1-4

Question 1

The most common atmospheric gas is

Answer 1

nitrogen

Question 2

phytoplankton and plants produce atmospheres

Answer 2

oxygen

Question 3

most water in the atmosphere is in

Answer 3

water vapor

Question 4

at sea level a square inch of surface area is under almost how many pounds of pressure

Answer 4

15

Question 5

gas molecules in the atmosphere are pulled toward the earth by

Answer 5

gravity

Question 6

The measure of the force with which air molecules push on the surface is called

Answer 6

Air pressure

Question 7

explain what happens to air pressure as you move away from the earth surface

Answer 7

there are fewer gas molecules

Question 8

explain why parts of the atmosphere are warmer than others

Answer 8

there a different chemicals in different atmospheres

Question 9

The coldest layer of the atmosphere

Answer 9

mesosphere

Question 10

atmosphere layer including the ozone layer

Answer 10

stratosphere

Question 11

layer of atmosphere closest to earth

Answer 11

troposphere

Question 12

uppermost layer of the atmosphere

Answer 12

thermosphere

Question 13

electrically charged particles are

Answer 13

ions

Question 14

in polar regions ions radiate energy is shimmering lights called

Answer 14

Auroras

Question 15

explain what from what process produces the greenhouse effect

Answer 15

atmospheric gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide absorbed thermal energy and radiate it back to earth the gas is function like the glass walls and roof of a greenhouse allowing solar energy to enter and preventing thermal energy from escaping

Question 16

The balance between incoming solar energy and outgoing energy radiated into space is called

Answer 16

radiation balance

Question 17

The gradual increase in average global temperature is called

Answer 17

Global warning

Question 18

what are greenhouse gases

Answer 18

greenhouse gases are gases that absorb thermal energy in the atmosphere

Question 19

what human activities may increase the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Answer 19

The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation

Question 20

what causes differences in air pressure

Answer 20

unequal heating of the earth

Question 21

The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure is called

Answer 21

Wind

Question 22

Air is warmer and less dense than surrounding air at the equator because the equator receives more

Answer 22

Solar energy

Question 23

high pressure areas are created around the poles as cold air

Answer 23

sinks

Question 24

after high pressure areas are created on the polls cold polar air flows toward

Answer 24

The equator

Question 25

large circular patterns of air movement are called

Answer 25

convection cells

Question 26

bands of high-pressure low-pressure found every 30BO of latitude are called

Answer 26

pressure belts

Question 27

when the paths of winds and ocean currents seem to curve because of the earths rotation it's called the

Answer 27

Coriolis effect

Question 28

when's that blow from 30° latitude in both hemispheres almost to the equator

Answer 28

Tradewinds

Question 29

The area around the equator where tradewinds meet

Answer 29

doldrums

Question 30

when does formed is called sinking air moves from the post to 60° north and 60° South latitude

Answer 30

polar easterlies

Question 31

Wind belts that extend between 30BO and 60° latitude in both hemispheres

Answer 31

westerlies

Question 32

narrow belts of high-speed wins in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are called

Answer 32

jet streams

Question 33

what is an example of a local wind

Answer 33

Mountain breezes

Question 34

explain how geographic features can cause local winds

Answer 34

Geographic features such as mountains or shoreline can cause local winds by temperature differences

Question 35

The contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and natural sources is

Answer 35

primary pollutants

Question 36

examples of primary air pollutants are carbon monoxide smoke and

Answer 36

gas from cars

Question 37

explain how secondary pollutants are formed

Answer 37

secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when primary pollutants come in contact with other pollutants

Question 38

List two examples of secondary pollutants

Answer 38

ozone and smog

Question 39

what is one reason that goes on your the earths surface is dangerous

Answer 39

ozone can damage the lungs

Question 40

how is smog formed

Answer 40

smog forms once sunlight reacts with ozone and vehicle exhaust

Question 41

what is one way local geography plays a part in smog formation in Los Angeles

Answer 41

Los Angeles is almost completely surrounded by mountains that trap pollutants and contribute to smog formation

Question 42

how much of the human caused air pollution in the United States is caused by cars

Answer 42

60%

Question 43

List two sources of industrial air pollution

Answer 43

Burning fossil fuels and production of chemicals

Question 44

what are two ways to reduce indoor air pollution

Answer 44

ventilation limiting the use of chemical solvents and cleaners

Question 45

acid precipitation contains rain sleet or snow with a high concentration of acids that come from

Answer 45

Air pollution

Question 46

when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide oxide combined with water in the atmosphere they form

Answer 46

sulfuric acid and nitric acid

Question 47

when I said precipitation causes the acidity of soil to increase it is called

Answer 47

acidification

Question 48

A rapid change in the acidity of a body of water is called

Answer 48

acid shock

Question 49

how long do CFC molecules remain active in the atmosphere

Answer 49

60 to 120 years

Question 50

what is the main problem caused by the ozone hole

Answer 50

The ozone hole allows more UV radiation to reach the earth surface

Question 51

what is one reason the ozone hole is dangerous to humans

Answer 51

UV radiation damage genes and causes skin cancer

Question 52

what are three effects of air pollution on human health

Answer 52

Air pollution can cause chest pains lung cancer and allergies

Question 53

in the United States the logic of the Environmental Protection Agency the authority to control the amount of air pollution is the

Answer 53

clean air act

Question 54

what are two method industries use to reduce air pollution

Answer 54

industries may use pollution control devices such as scribers; industrial plants may burn more efficiently so fewer pollutants are released

Question 55

what are two ways car manufacturers are using to reduce air pollution

Answer 55

car menu facture's place catalytic converters in cars to reduce pollution from exhaust; they make cars that run on hydrogen or natural gas; they make hybrid cars that use both gasoline and electric Power

Question 56

what are two ways people can reduce pollution from vehicles

Answer 56

people can carpool, use public transportation, bike or walk

Question 57

A mixture of gases surrounding a planet is the

Answer 57

atmosphere