Chapter 15 - Small Intestine

Question 1

Small bowel begins and ends where?

Answer 1

Duodenum to cecum

Question 2

What is the average length of the small bowel in an adult?

Answer 2

5-6 meters

Question 3

The common bile duct empties into the duodenum at the ___ __ ___?

Answer 3

Ampulla of Vater

Question 4

After the duodenum, the proximal 2/5 of the small bowel is known as the ___?

Answer 4

Jejunum

Question 5

After the jejunum you have the

Answer 5

Ileum

Question 6

What type of cell is a villi?

Answer 6

Simple columnar epithelial cell

Question 7

What feature does the villi and microvilli have to increase absorption?

Answer 7

Finger-like projections increases total surface area by 600 times

Question 8

Where does the duodenum receive its arterial blood from?

Answer 8

Hepatic artery

Question 9

Mucosa & submucosa layers arranged in a circular fold in the small bowel is called?

Answer 9

Plicae circulares

Question 10

Apart from the duodenum, where does the rest of the small bowel derives its blood supply from?

Answer 10

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 11

The entire small bowel blood supply drains through the ___ ___ vein.

Answer 11

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 12

The duodenum is the primary site of __ and __ absorption.

Answer 12

Iron and calcium

Question 13

The jejunum is the site of __, __ and __ absorption.

Answer 13

Fats, protein and carbohydrates

Question 14

The ileum absorbs __ and __.

Answer 14

Vitermin B12 and bile acids

Question 15

What are the 5 basic mechanism of absorption for the small bowel?

Answer 15

1. Hydrolysis
2. nonionic movement
3. passive diffusion
4. facilitated diffusion
5. active transport

Question 16

Within the small bowel, what are the three types of movements contributing to the mixing of chyme?

Answer 16

1. Concentric & segmenting contractions
2. Short, propulsive contractions or peristaltic waves (found predominantly in the first portion of duodenum and jejunum)
3. Continuous shortening and lengthening of the villi

Question 17

What affected area of the small intestine may lead to:

1. Deficiency in iron and calcium
2. Malabsorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
3. Malabsorption of vitermin B12 and bile acid

Answer 17

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunal
3. Ileal

Question 18

About 80% of all peptic ulcers occur where?

Answer 18

Duodenum

Question 19

Peptic ulcer disease if left untreated can cause erosion of the mucosa and lead to what?

Answer 19

Hemorrhage, perforation and peritonitis

Question 20

The mucosa is made of what cells?

Answer 20

simple epithelial cells

Question 21

The submucosa is made up of

Answer 21

dense connective tissue containing arteries, venous and lymphatic plexuses.

Question 22

The muscularis propria is made up of what muscles?

Answer 22

outer longitudinal and inner circumferential muscles

Question 23

The serosa is composed of what cells?

Answer 23

mesothelial cells

Question 24

The small, tubular glands known as the ‘crypts of Lieberkuhn’ is located where?

Answer 24

Between the villi

Question 25

What is the primary function of the small bowel?

Answer 25

To absorb nutrients from the chyme 🥕

Question 26

Peptic ulcers is caused by the bacteria _____

Answer 26

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

Question 27

Peptic ulcers if left untreated continues to erode the affected mucosa and can lead to ___, ____ & ____.

Answer 27

hemorrhage, perforation and peritonitis

Question 28

Can you name a few parasitic diseases that affects the small bowel?

Answer 28

``` Giardiasis Coccidiosis Cryptosporidiosis Strongyloidiasis Ascariasis Diphyllobothriasis ```

Question 29

Crohn's disease can affect anywhere from the ___ to ____.

Answer 29

mouth to anus

Question 30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is the term used to associate which two diseases?

Answer 30

Crohn's and ulcerative colitis

Question 31

What is the term volvulus?

Answer 31

An obstruction due to twisting of the GI tract.

Question 32

Celiac disease is characterized by ____ & _____.

Answer 32

Poor food absorption and intolerance of gluten. Treatment: Elimination of gluten from pt's diet

Question 33

What is short bowel syndrome?

Answer 33

A malabsorptive disorder as a result of decreased mucosal surface area, usually because of massive resection of the small bowel.

Question 34

In lactose intolerance, there is a deficiency in the enzyme ___ which results in the malabsorption of the dissacharide lactose (sugar).

Answer 34

lactase

Question 35

Lack of beta lipoproteins causes accumulation of fat and malabsorption resulting in increased stool fat. What is this condition called?

Answer 35

Abetalipoproteinmia