Chapter 15, Tang & Song China

Question 1

Tang Dynasty

Chinese Buddhist monk, Xuazang, is well-known for what?

Answer 1

Defying the emperor by traveling to India, visiting the holy sites of Buddhism, and studying with the most knowledgeable Buddhist teachers and sages to learn about Buddhism from the purest source

Xuanzhang noticed that Chinese writings on Buddhism contained teachings

Question 2

Define the Sanskrit language

Answer 2

Sacred ancient language of India

It also originated from the Aryans(Vedas)

Question 3

Who founded the Sui dynasty in 589?

Answer 3

Yang Jian

Question 4

The greatest contribution of Sui Yangdi, the second Sui emperor?

Answer 4

Facilitating trade between northern and southern China

The Grand Canal, important economically until 20th C.

Question 5

The grand Canal stretched from two cities from** south to west**, what are the two cities?

Answer 5

Hangzhou & Chang’an

Question 6

Buddhism and Confucianism in China

Answer 6

Confucianism - belief in education, service to state, family
Buddhism - morality, celibacy, written text - spread to China along Silk Road

Question 7

How did Tang avoid the wealthy obtaining all the land?

Answer 7

Equal field system

allotted land according to the land’s fertility& recipients’ needs

Question 8

Tang Dynasty

What did the civil service exams reflect?

Answer 8

Tang dynasty’s reliance on a bureaucracy based on intelectual merit

Question 9

Define the Kowtow

Answer 9

a ritual prostration in which subordinates knelt before the emperor and touched their foreheads to the ground

Question 10

In 757, the Tang emperors were forced to invite the Turkish Uighurs to assist in halting a rebellion led by

Answer 10

755, An Lushan, a millitary commander grew tired of the careless leadership of the empire and launched a rebellion

Question 11

Who is Song Taizu?

Answer 11

Founder of the Song Dynasty

960-1279

Question 12

Who is Li Yuan?

Answer 12

Founder of Tang Dynasty

618-907

Question 13

List the two main weaknesses of the Song Dynasty

Answer 13

1. Bureaucrats completely dominated the Song administration
2. Scholar-bureaucrats with little military knowledge led armies

Question 14

Who did the Song Dynasty fall to in 1279?

Answer 14

The Mongols

Question 15

What’s the most important crop that was introduced to China during the Tang & Song period?

Answer 15

Fast-ripening rice from Vietnam, cultivators could harvest two crops a year.
Similar to… The dar al-Islam; new crops=richer, more varied diet, and a boosted population

Question 16

What is footbinding an example of?

Answer 16

Strengthed patriarchal authority
Similar to…Women of Islam(mainly upper-class) veiling themselves as a form of modesty

Question 17

The most influential Chinese naval technological advancement is what?

Answer 17

The compass

Question 18

What was the fix for the copper coin shortage during the Song and tang periods?

Answer 18

“Flying cash”, merchants could deposit goods/cash at one location and draw the equivalent elsewhere

similar to modern banknotes

Question 19

To win supposed in China by catering to Chinese customs, Buddhist missionaries translated the Indian Term dharma to what?

Answer 19

Dao: The Way

Question 20

In the 840s, Tang emperors did what to monasteries, Bhuddists, Zoroastrians, Nestorian Christians, and Manichaeans?

Answer 20

Ordered closure of monastaries, and expulsion of followers to the listed religions. Motivated largely by a desire to seize property belonging to foreign religious establishments

Buddhism survived due to the amount of supporters, Continuity

Question 21

The Silla dynasty in Korea replicated China in many ways, but never did what?

Answer 21

Adapt Tang & Song’s bureacracy based off intellectual merit

Question 22

What was the relationship between China and Vietnam?

Answer 22

It was very tense, while China soon captured their cities and attempted at absorbing Viet people into society, Viet people resisted

Question 23

In relation to Chinese traditions and influences, Vietnamese women were different from those of China how?

Answer 23

They had a bigger role in society and economy unlike those in China

Question 24

Nara Japan

While adopting Confucian and Buddhist traditions from China, did the Japanese continue observing their native religion? What what was it called?

Answer 24

They continued practicing Shinto, Continuity

Question 25

The Japanese city of Nara greatly adapted customs of what Tang capital?

Answer 25

Chang’an

Question 26

What is a Japanese professional warior who served provincial lords?

Answer 26

Samurai

Question 27

Heian Japan

What is a military governor who ruled in place of the emperor called?

Answer 27

Shogun