Chapter 15 TEST Flashcards
(40 cards)
What was Reconstruction?
The period from the end of the Civil War to 1877 when the U.S. worked to rebuild the South and reintegrate it into the Union.
Who were Freedmen?
Former slaves who were freed after the Civil War.
What was the status of the Southern states during Reconstruction?
They were under military occupation.
How did many Southerners feel about racial equality?
Many believed whites and blacks should not be equal.
What were some economic struggles of the South after the Civil War?
Lack of money and credit limited economic growth.
How did Reconstruction affect the North?
Life did not change much; industry progressed, immigration increased, and there was little land damage.
How was the South impacted by the Civil War?
The South had a limited workforce, severe property damage, bankrupt economy, and demoralized citizens.
How many slaves were freed after the Civil War?
Four million.
What were the goals of Freedmen after emancipation?
To secure land and have independent farms.
What disagreements existed over Reconstruction?
There was debate over whether the president, Congress, or the states should control Reconstruction.
What were the three phases of Reconstruction?
- Presidential Reconstruction (1865-1867) – Led by Lincoln and Johnson.
- Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction (1867-1876) – Led by Congress and Radical Republicans.
- Bourbon (Redeemer’s) Reconstruction (1877-1900) – Led by conservative Southerners.
What was Lincoln’s 10% Plan?
A state could rejoin the Union when 10% of its 1860 voters took an oath of loyalty.
What were the Radical Republicans’ views on Reconstruction?
Did not want Southern leaders back in power.
Wanted to secure rights for black Americans.
Felt Lincoln did not involve Congress enough.
What was the Wade-Davis Bill?
Congress’s plan requiring 50% of voters to take an oath before a state could reenter the Union. Lincoln used a pocket veto to reject it.
What was Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan?
Offered amnesty to Southerners who swore loyalty.
Denied unpardoned Southerners voting and office-holding rights.
Required states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment (abolishing slavery).
What were Black Codes?
Laws that restricted the rights of black Americans, limiting their work opportunities, residency, and political rights.
Who were the Radical Republican leaders?
House Leader: Thaddeus Stevens
Senate Leader: Charles Sumner
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
A government agency providing food, shelter, education, and aid to freed slaves and war refugees.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
The first U.S. civil rights law granting citizenship to all people born in the U.S. regardless of race.
What did the Fourteenth Amendment do?
Granted citizenship to all people born in the U.S.
Provided equal legal protections.
Nullified the 3/5 Compromise.
Barred former Confederates from holding office.
What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 establish?
Divided the South into five military districts under Union generals.
Allowed black men to vote and hold office.
Required Southern states to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment to rejoin the Union.
Who was Hiram Revels?
The first black U.S. Senator.
Who were Carpetbaggers?
Northerners who moved South after the war, often viewed with suspicion by Southerners.
Who were Scalawags?
Southern whites who supported Reconstruction.
