Chapter 15 Vocab- Bones

Question 1

acetabulum

Answer 1

rounded depression in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint

Question 2

acromion

Answer 2

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder; overlies shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle

Question 3

bone

Answer 3

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton; long, short, flat and sesamoid bones

Question 4

bone depression

Answer 4

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves ex. fissure, foramen, fossa and sinus

Question 5

bone process

Answer 5

enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons and ligaments ex. bone head, condyle, epicondyle, trochanter, tubercle and tuberosity

Question 6

calcium

Answer 6

one of mineral constituent of bone; calcium phosphate is that major calcium salt in bones

Question 7

cancellous bone

Answer 7

spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

Question 8

cartilage

Answer 8

flexible connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate and on joint surfaces

Question 9

collagen

Answer 9

dense connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues

Question 10

compact bone

Answer 10

hard dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones

Question 11

cranial bones

Answer 11

skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid and temporal

Question 12

diaphysis

Answer 12

shaft or mid-portion of a long bone

Question 13

disk

Answer 13

flat, round, plate-like structure; and intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous structure between two vertebrae

Question 14

epiphyseal plate

Answer 14

cartilage area at the end of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

Question 15

epiphysis

Answer 15

each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate

Question 16

facial bones

Answer 16

bones of the face; lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer and zygomatic

Question 17

fontanelle

Answer 17

soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant

Question 18

foramen magnum

Answer 18

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

Question 19

haversian canals

Answer 19

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

Question 20

ligament

Answer 20

fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones

Question 21

malleolus

Answer 21

round process on both sides of the ankle joint

Question 22

manubrium

Answer 22

upper portion of the sternum; joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint

Question 23

mastoid process

Answer 23

rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

Question 24

medullary cavity

Answer 24

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

Question 25

metaphysis

Answer 25

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate

Question 26

olecranon

Answer 26

large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow

Question 27

orthopedist

Answer 27

doctor that specializes in bone, joint and muscle conditions

Question 28

osseous tissue

Answer 28

bone tissue

Question 29

ossification

Answer 29

process of bone formation

Question 30

osteoblast

Answer 30

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

Question 31

osteoclast

Answer 31

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

Question 32

periosteum

Answer 32

membrane surrounding bones, rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

Question 33

phosphorus

Answer 33

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

Question 34

physiatrist

Answer 34

medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation

Question 35

pubic symphysis

Answer 35

area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis; joined by a fibrocartilaginous disk

Question 36

red bone marrow

Answer 36

found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis

Question 37

ribs

Answer 37

twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. true ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are 8-10; floating ribs are 11-12

Question 38

sella turcica

Answer 38

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Question 39

sinus

Answer 39

hollow air cavity within a bone

Question 40

styloid process

Answer 40

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

Question 41

suture

Answer 41

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)

Question 42

temporomandibular joint

Answer 42

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and the mandibular bone of the jaw

Question 43

tendon

Answer 43

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

Question 44

trabeculae

Answer 44

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

Question 45

vertebra

Answer 45

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord

Question 46

xiphoid process

Answer 46

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

Question 47

yellow bone marrow

Answer 47

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of adult long bones