Chapter 16

Question 1

A useful material that is obtained from the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, or biosphere.

Answer 1

Natural Resource

Question 2

A resource that can be replenished on the scale of a human lifetime

Answer 2

Renewable Resource

Question 3

A resource that cannot be replenished or regenerated on the scale of a human lifetime

Answer 3

Nonrenewable Resource

Question 4

Each of us uses a very large amount of material derived from nonrenewable ___ resources

Answer 4

Mineral

Question 5

We are equally dependent on ___ resources

Answer 5

Energy

Question 6

Combustible organic matter that is trapped in sediment or sedimentary rock

Answer 6

Fossil Fuel

Question 7

All fossil fuels are composed primarily of ___

Answer 7

Hydrocarbon Compounds

Question 8

A biogenic sediment formed from the accumulation and compaction of plant remains from bogs and swamps, with a carbon content of 25%

Answer 8

Peat

Question 9

A combustible rock (50 to 95% carbon), formed by the compression, heating, and lithification of peat

Answer 9

Coal

Question 10

The higher the carbon content, the greater the ___ of the coal

Answer 10

Rank

Question 11

Naturally occurring gaseous liquid, and semisolid substances that consist chiefly of hydrocarbon compounds

Answer 11

Petroleum

Question 12

The liquid form of petroleum

Answer 12

Oil

Question 13

The gaseous form of petroleum

Answer 13

Natural Gas

Question 14

___ is the increasing heat and pressure associated with burial initiate a series of complex physical and chemical changes

Answer 14

Maturation

Question 15

The temperature and depth conditions under which maturation takes place is called ___

Answer 15

Petroleum Window

Question 16

A rock in which organic material has been converted into oil and natural gas is called a ___

Answer 16

Source Rock

Question 17

A layer of impermeable rock that prevents it from reaching the surface

Answer 17

Cap Rock

Question 18

The combination of a source rock, a reservoir rock, and a cap rock, which serves to trap and store oil in natural gas in the subsurface

Answer 18

Petroleum Trap

Question 19

A sediment or sedimentary rock in which the pores are filled by dense, viscous, asphalt-like oil

Answer 19

Tar Sand

Question 20

Induced hydraulic fracturing, in which a pressurized fluid is injected into a well to create tiny fracture, facilitating the withdrawal of tightly held hydrocarbons such as heavy oil

Answer 20

Fracking

Question 21

An unconventional form of petroleum is a wax-like substance called ___, which comes from very fine-grained sedimentary rock such as shale

Answer 21

Kerogen

Question 22

A fine-grained sedimentary rock with a high content of kerogen

Answer 22

Oil Shale

Question 23

Radiant light and heat energy from the Sun

Answer 23

Solar Energy

Question 24

Any form of energy that is derived more or less from plant life, including fuel wood, peat, animal dung, agricultural wastes, and biofuels from various sources

Answer 24

Biomass Energy

Question 25

Energy derived from the movement of air; an indirect form of solar energy

Answer 25

Wind Energy

Question 26

Electricity generated by running water

Answer 26

Hydroelectric Energy

Question 27

Energy derived from the binding energy in the nuclei of the atoms; fission is the most common source

Answer 27

Nuclear Energy

Question 28

The splitting of the uranium atom into 2 products of smaller mass

Answer 28

Fission

Question 29

The process in which two atomic nuclei are forced to combine

Answer 29

Fusion

Question 30

Energy from Earth's interior

Answer 30

Geothermal Energy

Question 31

Deposits that are mined specifically for the extraction of metals

Answer 31

Metallic Mineral Resources

Question 32

Deposits that are mined for the properties of the minerals they contain, rather than for metals that could be extracted

Answer 32

Nonmetallic Mineral Resources

Question 33

A deposit from which one or more minerals can be extracted profitably

Answer 33

Ore

Question 34

___ deposits are formed when minerals precipitate from hot water solutions that carry dissolved loads of soluble materials, usually including a variety of metals

Answer 34

Hydrothermal mineral

Question 35

The valuable minerals that are deposited by heated solutions on the seafloor are interlaid with and conformable with seafloor sedimentary strata, but they are technically deposited by hydrothermal processes rather than sedimentary processes are called ___ deposits

Answer 35

Stratiform

Question 36

___ deposits are formed by sedimentary processes related to erosion and deposition of sediment

Answer 36

Placer

Question 37

A ___ deposit consists of minerals that are left behind and concentrated by chemical weathering of a host rock

Answer 37

Residual

Question 38

___ is when rainwater infiltrates the ground picks up soluble substances and carries them downward as it flows through each aerated zone

Answer 38

Leaching