Chapter 16, 17, 15 (508-528)

Question 1

Hypoxemia

Answer 1

Decreased oxygen levels in the blood

Question 2

Dyspnea

Answer 2

Shortness of breath or perceived difficulty in breathing

Question 3

Apnea

Answer 3

Absence of breath; respiratory arrest

Question 4

Hypoxia

Answer 4

The absence of sufficient oxygen in the body’s cells

Question 5

Bronchoconstriction

Answer 5

Constriction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles

Question 6

Bronchodilator

Answer 6

A drug the relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchi and the bronchioles and reverses bronchoconstriction

Question 7

Hypercarbia

Answer 7

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood

aka hypercapnia

Question 8

Respiratory Distress

Answer 8

Increased respiratory effort resulting from impaired respiratory function

Question 9

Respiratory Failure

Answer 9

Inadequate respiratory rate and/or tidal volume

Question 10

Respiratory Arrest

Answer 10

Complete stoppage of breathing

Question 11

Metered-dose inhaler

Answer 11

Device consisting of a plastic container and canister of medication that is used to form an aerosolized medication that a patient can inhale

Question 12

Small-volume nebulizer

Answer 12

A device that uses compressed air or oxygen to nebulize a liquid medication into a mist that a patient can inhale

Question 13

Spacer

Answer 13

A chamber that is connected to the metered-dose inhaler to collect the medication until it is inhaled

Question 14

Tripod Position

Answer 14

A position in which the patient sits upright, leans slightly forward, and supports the body with arms in front and elbows locked. This is a position commonly found in respiratory distress.

Question 15

Pulsus Paradoxus

Answer 15

A drop in blood pressure of more than 10 mmHg during inhalation resulting from increased pressure within the chest that suppresses the filling of the ventricles of the heart with blood

Question 16

Automaticity

Answer 16

The ability of cells within the cardiac conductive system to generate a cardiac impulse on their own

Question 17

Heart

Answer 17

The muscular organ that contracts to force blood into the circulatory system

Question 18

Circulatory System

Answer 18

System composed of the heart and blood vessals

Question 19

Cardiac Conduction System

Answer 19

Contractile and conductive tissue of the heart that generates electrical impulses and causes the heart to beat

Question 20

Atria

Answer 20

The two upper chambers of the heart

Question 21

Ventricles

Answer 21

The two lower chambers of the heart

Question 22

Venae Cavae

Answer 22

The two major veins that carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart

Question 23

Pulmonary Artery

Answer 23

Vessel carrying oxygen-depleted blood from the heart’s right ventricle to the lungs

Question 24

Pulmonary Vein

Answer 24

Vessel carrying oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Question 25

Aorta

Answer 25

The major artery from the heart

Question 26

Artery

Answer 26

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Question 27

Arteriole

Answer 27

The smallest branch of an artery

Question 28

Capillary

Answer 28

A tiny blood vessel connecting arterioles to venules

Question 29

Vein

Answer 29

Vessel that carries blood toward the heart

Question 30

Venule

Answer 30

Smallest vein

Question 31

Coronary Arteries

Answer 31

Arteries supplying the heart with blood

Question 32

Blood Pressure

Answer 32

The force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the blood vessels

Question 33

Perfusion

Answer 33

Delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to the cells resulting from the constant adequate circulation of blood through the capillaries

Question 34

Cardiac Compramise

Answer 34

Reduced heart function caused by any condition, disease, or injury affecting the heart

Question 35

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Answer 35

Signs and symptoms resulting from conditions in which the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded

Question 36

Nitroglycerin

Answer 36

Medication that dilates the blood vessels, increasing blood flow and decreasing the workload of the heart

Question 37

Resusciatation

Answer 37

Bringing the patient back from a potential or apparent death

Question 38

Cardiac Arrest

Answer 38

The cessation of cardiac function with the patient displaying no pulse, no breathing, and unresponsiveness

Question 39

Sudden Death

Answer 39

Death of a patient within one hour of the onset of signs and symptoms

Question 40

Downtime

Answer 40

The time from cardiac arrest until effective CPR

Question 41

Total Downtime

Answer 41

The time from cardiac arrest until delivery to the emergency department

Question 42

Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)

Answer 42

Spontaneous pulse return during resuscitation

Question 43

Survival

Answer 43

Term applied to a patient who survives cardiac arrest to be discharged from the hospital

Question 44

Chain of Survival

Answer 44

Series of interventions-early access, CPR, defibrillation, and ACLS- that provides the best chance for successful cardiac resuscitation

Question 45

Defibrillation

Answer 45

Electrical shock delivered to help the heart restore a normal rythem

Question 46

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

Answer 46

A device that can analyze the electrical activity or rhythm of a patients heart and deliver an electrical shock (defibrillation) if appropriate

Question 47

Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib)

Answer 47

A continuos, uncoordinated, chaotic rhythm that does not produce pulses

Question 48

Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)

Answer 48

A rapid heart rhythm that may or may not produce a pulse; ussualy too fast to adequately perfuse body organs

Question 49

Asystole

Answer 49

A heart rhythm indicating absence of any electrical activity in the heart

Question 50

Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)

Answer 50

A condition in which the heart generates relatively normal electrical rhythms but fails to perfuse the body adequately because of a decreased or absent cardiac output from cardiac muscle failure of blood loss