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Flashcards in Chapter 16 Deck (17)
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1
Q

Angle of Repose

A

The maximum angle at which a slope of loose material can lie without sliding downhill.

2
Q

Kaolinite

A

A white to cream-colored clay produced by the weathering of feldspar.

3
Q

Consolidated Material

A

Sediment that is compacted and bound together by mineral cements.

4
Q

Liquefaction

A

The temporary transformation of solid material to a fluid state when it is saturated with water.

5
Q

Exfoliation

A

A physical weathering process in which large flat or curved sheets of rock are detached from an outcrop.

6
Q

Mass Movement

A

A downslope movement of masses of soil, rock, mud, or other materials under the force of gravity.

7
Q

Hematite

A

The principal iron ore; the most abundant iron oxide at Earth’s surface.

8
Q

Mass Wasting

A

All the processes by which weathered and unweathered Earth materials move downslope in large amounts and in large single events, usually under the influence of gravity

9
Q

Chemical Stability

A

A measure of a substance’s tendency to retain its chemical identity rather than reacting spontaneously to become a different chemical substance.

10
Q

Creep

A

A slow downhill mass movement of soil or other debris at a rate ranging from about 1 to 10 mm/year.

11
Q

Frost Wedging

A

A physical weathering process in which the expansion of freezing water in cracks in rock breaks the rock.

12
Q

Humus

A

An organic component of soil consisting of the remains and waste products of the many organisms living in that soil

13
Q

Slump

A

A slow mass movement of unconsolidated material that travels as a unit.

14
Q

Soil

A

An intricate combination of weathered rock and organic material.

15
Q

Soil Profile

A

The composition and appearance of a soil, usually characterized by distinct layers.

16
Q

Talus

A

Large blocks of broken rock that fall from a steep cliff of limestone or hard, cemented sandstone and accumulate in a gender slope at the foot of the cliff.

17
Q

Unconsolidated Material

A

Sediment that is loose and uncemented.