Chapter 16

Question 1

KEY CONCEPT: DNA strand are not identical but _______

Answer 1

complementary

Question 2

What are the two functions of DNA?

Answer 2

1. DNA encodes proteins, and thereby traits

2. DNA must be copied

Question 3

How does the cell synthesize the DNA?

Answer 3

1. The two strands are seperated

2. Each strand is used as a template to build a new strand

Question 4

KEY CONCEPT: Polynucleotides are built by __________ base-pairing

Answer 4

Polynucleotides are built by complementary base-pairing

Question 5

KEY CONCEPT: DNA replication must be _________ and _______

Answer 5

DNA replication must be accurate and efficient

Question 6

KEY CONCEPT: Like in cell division, one DNA becomes how many DNA?

Answer 6

One DNA becomes two DNA

Question 7

Which model explains what happens to the old DNA during replication?

Answer 7

The semi-conservative model
The old DNA is still there but is split up between the daughter molecules. The old DNA chains are conserved independently from one another

Question 8

What is the sequence of the other strand?

3’ - AGCATTTAAGC -5’

Answer 8

5’- TCGTAAATTCG- 3’

Question 9

Each new DNA contains _____ old strand and ______ new strand

Answer 9

Each DNA contains one old strand and one new strand

Question 10

Each old DNA strand serves as a what for a new DNA strand?

Answer 10

Template

Question 11

Biological polymers are built how many monomers at a time?

Answer 11

Biological polymers are built one monomer at a time

Question 12

Where does DNA replication begin?

Answer 12

Replication origin

Question 13

Which direction does replication occur?

Answer 13

In both directions; its bi-directional

Question 14

The place that is created by the bi-directional replication and where the new DNA exist is called what?

Answer 14

Replication bubble

Question 15

The ends of the replication bubbles where new DNA is manufactured are called what?

Answer 15

Replication Forks

Question 16

How many forks per bubble?

Answer 16

2 bubbles

one at each end

Question 17

What is needed to make DNA?

Answer 17

Templates

raw materials : nucleotides, several enzymes and other proteins

Question 18

What enzyme makes DNA?

Answer 18

DNA Polymerase

Question 19

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the ___’ end of a

pre-existing strand.

Answer 19

3’

Question 20

DNA polymerase cannot add to ____’ ends. It always build to ___’ to _____’

Answer 20

5’ ends

3’ to 5’

Question 21

DNA polymerase cannot ______ polynucleotide synthesis; it can only _______ it

Answer 21

DNA polymerase cannot _initiate_polynucleotide synthesis; it can only continue it

Question 22

If the chains are built 5’ to 3’ and the two templates are anti-parallel, the synthesis will go in __________ direction along each template

Answer 22

opposite

Question 23

Because DNA polymerase cannot initiate, what must happen to start the process?

Answer 23

• Another enzyme must make the polynucleotide, the RNA primer

Question 24

You need some ____ to make DNA

Answer 24

RNA

Question 25

What is the enzyme that unwinds the helix?

Answer 25

Helicase