Chapter 16 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Immediate hypersensitivity
Type I
Which hypersensitivity (hs) is due to allergens?
Immediate (type I)
IgE, mast cells and their preformed/produced components are involved in which type of hs rxns?
Immediate (type I)
Tryptase, chymase, cathepsin G, and carboxypeptidase are all enzymes in mast cells that have what biologic effect?
Remodeling of connective tissue matrix
HIstamine and heparin are toxic mediators in mast cells that have what effect when released from mast cell granules?
They are toxic to parasites, they increase vascular permeability, and they cause smooth muscle contraction
Which cytokine in mast cells promotes inflammation, stimulates cytokine production by many cell types, and activates endothelium?
TNF-alpha
Local degranulation of mast cells is known as? (3 names)
Wheal and flare reactions, hives, or urticaria
Mast cells releasing granules in the GI tract may cause
Increased fluid secretion and peristalsis leading to diarrhea and vomiting
Mast cell granule release in airways may lead to?
bronchoconstriction and increased mucous secretion leading to phlegm and coughing
Mast cell granule release in blood vessels leads to?
Increased permeability thus edema and inflammation
Systemic mast cell activation can lead to?
Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?
Epinepherine (Epi pen)
Major drug that can elicit a type II (Ab-mediated) hs reaction?
Penicillin
Type II hypersensitivity
Ab-mediated
Type III hypersensitivity
Immune complex disease
Most common inhaled type III hs?
Farmer’s lung, Bird-Fancier disease
Type IV hypersensitivity
T-cell mediated
How long does a type IV hs reaction take?
24-72 hours
How long does a type I hs reaction take?
minutes
How long does a type II reaction take?
Not sure, but type II can bind to “self antigens”. Penicillin makes RBC’s look like antigens cuz they are abnormal
How long does a type III hs take?
1-2 hours
