Chapter 16- Black Text Book

Question 1

Acute injuries

Answer 1

An injury with sudden onset and short duration.

Question 2

Chronic injuries

Answer 2

An injury with long onset and long duration

Question 3

Fractures

Answer 3

(Broken bones) occur as a result of extreme stresses and strains placed on bones

Question 4

Oblique fracture

Answer 4

are similar to spiral features, they occur when one end receives sudden torsion or twisting and the other end is fixed or stabilized

Question 5

Transverse fracture

Answer 5

occur in a straight line, more or less at right angles to the bone shaft, a direct outside blow usually causes this injury

Question 6

Spiral fracture

Answer 6

Have a S-shape separation. They are fairly common in football and skiing, in which the foot is firmly planted and the body is suddenly rotated.

Question 7

Linear fracture

Answer 7

Are those in which the bone splits along its length. They are often the result of jumping from a height and landing in such a way as to apply force or stress to the long axis.

Question 8

Dislocation

Answer 8

A bone is forced out and stays out until surgically or manually replaced or reduced.

Question 9

Muscle cramps

Answer 9

Involuntary muscle contraction

Question 10

Tendon

Answer 10

Tough band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Question 11

Crepitus

Answer 11

A crackling feel or sound

Question 12

Subluxation

Answer 12

A bone is forced out but goes back into place.

Question 13

Grade 1 sprain

Answer 13

There is some stretching and separation of the ligamentos fibers, with minimal instability of the joint. Mild to moderate pain, localized swelling, and joint stiffness should be expected.

Question 14

Grade 2 sprain

Answer 14

There is some tearing and separation of the ligament fibers, with moderate instability of the joint. Moderate to severe pain, swelling, and joint stiffness should be expected.

Question 15

Grade 3 sprain

Answer 15

There is total tearing of the ligament, which leads to instability of the joint. Can result in a subluxation. Severe pain may be present, followed by little to no pain as a result in a total disruption of nerve fibers. Swelling may be great, and the joint tends to become very stiff some hours after the injury. In some cases of this surgical repair may take place. Some other ligaments around it may be injured and rehabilitation of these sprains involving surgery is a long-term process.

Question 16

Grade 1 strain

Answer 16

Some muscle fibers have been stretched or actually torn. There is some tenderness and pain on active motion. Movement is painful, but full range of motion is usually possible.

Question 17

Grade 2 strain

Answer 17

A number of muscle fibers have been torn, and active contraction of the muscle is extremely painful. Usually a depression or divot can be felt somewhere in the muscle belly at the place at which the muscle fibers have been torn. Some swelling may occur because of capillary bleeding, therefore, some discoloration is possible.

Question 18

Grade 3 strain

Answer 18

A complete rupture of a muscle has occurred in the area of the muscle belly at the point at which muscle becomes tendon or at the tendinous attachment to the bone. There is significant impairment to or perhaps total loss of movement. Pain is intense but quickly diminishes because of complete nerve fiber separation.

Question 19

Muscle cramps

Answer 19

Extremely painful involuntary muscle contractions that occur most commonly in the calf, abdomen, or hamstrings.

Question 20

Tendon

Answer 20

Tough band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Question 21

Crepitus

Answer 21

A crackling sound or feel.

Question 22

Bursae

Answer 22

Pieces of synovial membrane that contain a small amount of fluid.

Question 23

Osteoarthritis

Answer 23

A wearing down of hyaline cartilage.

Question 24

Trigger point

Answer 24

area of tenderness in a tight band of muscle