Chapter 16: Cognitive Social Learning Theory (Rotter) Flashcards
(44 cards)
The cognitive social learning theories of Julian Rotter and Walter Mischel each rest on the assumption that _____ help shape how people will react to environmental forces.
cognitive factors
Both theorists object to Skinner’s explanation that behavior is shaped by immediate reinforcement and instead suggest that one’s _____ of future events are prime determinants of performance.
expectations
Mischel’s _____ theory has much in common with Bandura’s social cognitive theory and Rotter’s social learning theory
cognitive social
Julian B. Rotter, the author of the _____ scale.
locus of control
Five Basic Hypothesis of Social Learning Theory:
- Our reaction depends on how the env’t means for us
- Personality is learned, it can be changed
- Personality has unity, may stability. We learn thru exps and personality becomes more stable
- We are not motivated to reduce tension. We are motivated to achieve a goal.
- We can anticipate events.
- Humans interact with their meaningful environments.
- Human personality is learned.
- Personality has a basic unity.
- Motivation is goal-directed.
- People are capable of anticipating events.
Social learning theory rests on five basic hypotheses
Predicting Specific Behaviors: 4 variables of Prediction Formula.
- Behavior potential - refers to the likelihood that a given behavior will occur in a particular situation;
- Expectancy - is a person’s expectation of being reinforced;
- Reinforcement value - is the person’s preference for a particular reinforcement;
- Psychological situation - refers to a complex pattern of cues that a person perceives during a specific time period.
- Behavior potential - refers to the likelihood that a given behavior will occur in a particular situation;
- Expectancy - is a person’s expectation of being reinforced;
- Reinforcement value - is the person’s preference for a particular reinforcement;
- Psychological situation - refers to a complex pattern of cues that a person perceives during a specific time period.
Predicting Specific Behaviors: 4 variables of Prediction Formula.
The ______ in any situation is a function of both expectancy and reinforcement value.
For example, in order to earn good grades a student can rely on any number of possible behaviors, such as studying, cheating, skipping class to avoid a bad grade, etc.
behavior potential
_____ refers to a person’s expectation that some specific reinforcement or set of reinforcements will occur in a given situation.
The probability is not determined by the individual’s history of reinforcements, as Skinner contended, but is subjectively held by the person.
Expectancy (E)
- Generalized expectancies (GEs) - nagaral ng mabuti maganda grades, expected may reward in the future
- Specific expectancies (E prime) - same sa generalized pero pag ginawa niya sa specific, di same ang reward
- Total expectancy
Expectancy
Another variable in the prediction formula is _____, which is the preference a person attaches to any reinforcement when the probabilities for the occurrence of a number of different reinforcements are all equal.
reinforcement value (RV)
What determines the reinforcement value for any event, condition, or action? (3)
- individual’s perception
- one’s needs - mas food seeking ung tomguts kesa sa di gaanong tomguts
- expected consequences for future reinforcements
The fourth variable in the prediction formula is the _____, defined as that part of the external and internal world to which a person is responding.
It is not synonymous with external stimuli, although physical events are usually important to the psychological situation.
Psychological situation (s)
The _____ is “a complex set of interacting cues acting upon an individual for any specific time period”. People do not behave in a vacuum; instead, they respond to cues within their perceived environment.
psychological situation
Generalized Expectancies
Needs
Predicting General Behaviors
Predicting General Behaviors: People’s expectations based from similar past experiences wherein a given behavior will be reinforced. It includes people’s needs, that is, behaviors that allow them to move toward a goal.
Generalized Expectancies
Predicting General Behaviors: is any behavior or set of behaviors that people see as moving them in the direction of a goal.
Needs
Recognition-Status Dominance Independence Protection-Dependency Love and Affection Physical Comfort
Categories of Needs
Categories of Needs: The need to control the behavior of others is called _____.
dominance
Categories of Needs: _____ is the need to be free of the domination of others.
Independence
Categories of Needs: A set of needs nearly opposite independence are those of _____.
Protection-Dependency
Categories of Needs: Most people have strong needs for _____: that is, needs for acceptance by others that go beyond recognition and status to include some indications that other people have warm, positive feelings for them.
love and affection
Categories of Needs: _____ is perhaps the most basic need because other needs are learned in relation to it
Physical comfort
