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Chapter 16 Evolution of populations Flashcards

(17 cards)

0
Q

Gene pool

A

consists all genes, including all the different alleles that are represented in a population

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1
Q

Evolution in genetic terms

A

changes of allele frequency in a population, as the population is subject to the four main evolutionary processes: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow.

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2
Q

Relative Frequency

A

The number of times that the allele occurs in a gene pool compared to the other alleles

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3
Q

What are two main sources of genetic variation

A

Mutations And genetic shuffling

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4
Q

single gene trait

A

traits that are determined by one by a single gene (two alleles)

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5
Q

Polygenic traits

A

Traits that are determined by multiple genes

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6
Q

Directional Selection

A

Graph moves one direction.

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7
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

The growth is in favor of the average

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8
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

Favors less common. Graph becomes m shaped

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9
Q

Hardy Weinberg principle

A

States that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change

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10
Q

Five conditions required to maintain genetic equlibrium

A
Random mating
Large population
no Immigration Emigration
No mutations
No natural selections
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11
Q

Genetic Equilibrium

A

The situation in which allele frequencies remain constant

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12
Q

Speciation

A

formation of new species

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13
Q

How does speciation relate to reproductive isolation

A

As new species evolve, populations become reproductively isolated from each other

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14
Q

Behavioral Isolation

A

different courtship rituals or other reproductive strategy that involve behavior

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15
Q

Geographic Isolation

A

Two populations are separated by geographic barriers

16
Q

temporal isolation

A

two or more species reproduce at different times