Chapter 16: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Question 1

Arrangement of the sugar phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (run in opposite 5’ to 3’ direction)

Answer 1

Antiparallel

Question 2

Complex of DNA and protein

Answer 2

Chromatin

Question 3

Linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding to the 3’ end of one DNA fragment to the 5’ end of another DNA fragment

Answer 3

DNA Ligase

Question 4

An enzyme is a that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing chain. There are different types: DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I play roles in DNA replication in E. Coli

Answer 4

DNA Polymerase

Question 5

The process by which a DNA molecule is copied; also called DNA synthesis

Answer 5

DNA Replication

Question 6

The native form of DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape

Answer 6

Double Helix

Question 7

The less condenses form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription

Answer 7

Eurchromatin

Question 8

Process by which information coded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs

Answer 8

Gene Expression

Question 9

An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at replication forks, separating the 2 strands and making them available as template strands

Answer 9

Helicase

Question 10

Eukaryotic chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is generally not transcribed

Answer 10

Heterochromatin

Question 11

Proteins responsible for the main level of DNA packing in interphase chromatin. Positively charged histone binds with negatively charged DNA.

Answer 11

Histone

Question 12

A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction away from replication fork

Answer 12

Lagging Strand

Question 13

The new complementary strand of DNA synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in 5’ to 3’ direction

Answer 13

Leading Strand

Question 14

An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, removing bases or hydrolyzing DNA or RNA into its components of nucleotides

Answer 14

Nuclease

Question 15

Binding of histones and DNA. Wound twice around a protein core of 8 histones.

Answer 15

Nucleosome

Question 16

Short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication. Many such segments are joined together to make up lagging strand of new synthesized DNA.

Answer 16

Okazaki Fragment

Question 17

An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make a primer during DNA replication, using parental DNA strand as a template

Answer 17

Primase

Question 18

A short polynucleotide with a free 3’ end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand and elongated with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication

Answer 18

Primer

Question 19

A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are being synthesized

Answer 19

Replication Work

Answer 20

Ribosome

Question 21

Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand

Answer 21

Semiconservative Model

Question 22

Tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome’s DNA molecule. Protects the organism’s genes from being eroded during successive rounds of replication

Answer 22

Telomere

Question 23

A protein that breaks, swivels, rejoins DNA strands. During DNA replication, topoisomerase helps to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork

Answer 23

Topoisomerase

Question 24

When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation results in horizontal gene

Answer 24

Transformation

Question 25

Infectious particle incapable of replicating molecule of an RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat (capsid) and a membraneous envelope

Answer 25

Virus