Chapter 16 scientific revolution

Question 1

polish native,moved to italy, held a doctorate in church law
wrote “on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres” which directly challenged the geocentric view of the universe
presented his readers with a heliocentric view in which the earth revolved around the sun, which was the center of the universe

Answer 1

nicolaus copernicus

Question 2

sun centered conception

Answer 2

heliocentrism

Question 3

• Danish noblemen
• compiled the 1st star catalog based on planetary positions
• concentrated on compiling a detailed record of his observations of the positions and movements of the stars and planets
• body of data led him to reject the ptolemaic system, unable to accept Copernicus’ suggestion that the earth actually moved

Answer 3

tycho brahe

Question 4

italian scientist who used controlled experiments to formulate laws of motion and inertia that were expressed in mathematical formulas

• was 1 of the first ppl to use the telescope for astronomical observation. Disoveries provided inefutable support for the heliocentric view that the earth was a planet circling the sun
• Roman inquisition (or holy roman office of the catholic church condemned copernicanism and ordered Galileo to reject the copernican thesis

Answer 4

Galileo Galilei

Question 5

• universe was constructed on the basis of geometric figures
• believed that harmony of the human soul was mirrored in the numerical relationships existing between the planets
• “music of the spheres”
• After studying brahe’s data, formulated 3 laws of planetary motion
  1) planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits
  2) planets move more rapidly as their orbits approach the sun
  3) The time a planet takes to orbit the sun varies proportionately with its distance from the sun

Answer 5

Johannes kepler

Question 6

british scientist
Apple fell on his head, realized what gravity was
-discovered calculus
-wrote “mathematical principles of natural philosophy”
-entire world acts as a machine, guided by specific naturally occuring laws
-important bc newton had proved how the world could all be explained by the use of just a handful of basic scientific laws

Answer 6

Isaac newton

Question 7

all planets revolved around the earth

Answer 7

geocentrism

Question 8

well known for his achievements in algebra, first systematic use of negative numbers

• student of magic and astrology
• wrote “The book of my life” discusses the prescence of prescient dreams, extrasensory perception, and intuitive flashes of direct understanding

Answer 8

Girolamo Cardano