Chapter 16: Sensory, Motor, Integration

Question 1

Reverse Prompt

conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

Reverse Prompt

conscious awareness and interpretation of sesations primarily a function of the cerebral cortex

Answer 2

Perception

Question 3

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specialized cell or the dendrites of a sensory neuron

Answer 3

Receptor/Sense organ

Question 4

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stimulus = external environment (hearing, vision, smell, taste, touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, and pain) at or near external surface of the body

Answer 4

Exteroceptor

Question 5

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stimulus = not consciously perceived; pain or pressure blood vessels, visceral organs, muscles, and nervous system

Answer 5

Interoceptor/Visceroceptor

Question 6

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stimulus = body position, muscle length, and tension muscles, tendons, joints and the inner ear

Answer 6

Proprioceptor

Question 7

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stimulus = touch, pressure, vibrations, stretch skin, ears, muscles, joints

Answer 7

Mechanoreceptor

Question 8

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stimulus = change in temperature skin, hypothalamus

Answer 8

Thermoreceptor

Question 9

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stimulus = damage to tissue numerous locations in body “pain” slowly adapting receptor

Answer 9

Nociceptor

Question 10

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stimulus = light only in eyes

Answer 10

Photoreceptor

Question 11

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stimulus = chemicals nose, tongue, hypothalamus, stomach

Answer 11

Chemoreceptor

Question 12

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somatic sensations that arise from stimulating the skin surface

Answer 12

cutaneous sensations

Question 13

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touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle

Answer 13

tactile sensations

Question 14

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stimulation of tactile receptors in the skin or subcutaneous layer

Answer 14

touch

Question 15

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rapidly adapting touch receptors found in hairy skin consist of free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles

Answer 15

hair root plexuses

Question 16

Reverse Prompt

sustained sensation that is felt over a larger area than touch occurs with deformation of deeper tissues

Answer 16

pressure sensations

Question 17

Reverse Prompt

• slowly adapting tacticle (touch) receptor
• sensation: stretching of skin

Answer 17

Ruffini corpuscles

Question 18

Reverse Prompt

• bare dendrites
• receptors for pain, thermal, tickle, itch, and some touch sensations

Answer 18

free nerve ending

Question 19

Reverse Prompt

• slowly adapting tacticle (touch) receptors
• sensations: touch and pressure

Answer 19

tactile discs

Question 20

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• rapidly adapting tacticle receptors
• sensations: touch, pressure, and slow vibrations

Answer 20

corpuscles of touch

Question 21

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• rapidly adapting pressure receptor
• sensations: pressure and fast vibrations

Answer 21

lamellated corpuscles

Question 22

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skin, muscles, joints, tendons, fascia

Answer 22

somatic pain

Question 23

Reverse Prompt

skin

Answer 23

superficial somatic pain

Question 24

Reverse Prompt

muscles, joints, tendons, fascia

Answer 24

deep somatic pain

Question 25

# Reverse Prompt * from visceral (internal) organs * bowel blockage, kidney stone, gall stones, etc

Answer 25

visceral pain

Question 26

# Reverse Prompt * visceral pain projected to a particular part of the skin or body * projected incorrectly

Answer 26

referred pain

Question 27

# Reverse Prompt * "acute", "sharp", "pricking" * closer to surface (not felt in deep tissues) knife cut, pin prick, paper cut, skin burn, etc.

Answer 27

fast (acute) pain

Question 28

# Reverse Prompt * "throbbing", "aching", "burning" or "chronic" * may be excruciating felt in both skin and deep tissues toothache, skin bruise, etc.

Answer 28

slow (chronic) pain

Question 29

# Reverse Prompt * projection of pain coming from amputated limb * "psychological" pain

Answer 29

phantom pain

Question 30

# Reverse Prompt pain relief

Answer 30

analgesia

Question 31

# Reverse Prompt induction of a state of unconsciousness with the absence of pain sensation over the entire body, through the administration of anesthetic drugs

Answer 31

general anesthesia

Question 32

# Reverse Prompt 1. regional anesthesia by injection of a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space around the spinal cord. 2. loss of sensation due to a spinal lesion.

Answer 32

spinal anesthesia

Question 33

# Reverse Prompt * slowly adapting (propreioceptors) sensory nerve endings * sensations: muscle length

Answer 33

muscle spindles

Question 34

# Reverse Prompt * slowly adapting proprioceptors * sensations: muscle tension slowly adapting receptor

Answer 34

tendon organs

Question 35

# Reverse Prompt * rapidly adapting proprioceptors * sensations: joint position and movement rapidly adapting receptor

Answer 35

joint kinesthetic receptors

Question 36

# Reverse Prompt conduct impulses from the somatic receptors (PNS) into the brain stem or spinal cord (CNS)

Answer 36

first-order neurons

Question 37

# Reverse Prompt conduct impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus

Answer 37

second-order neurons

Question 38

# Reverse Prompt conduct impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side

Answer 38

third-order neurons

Question 39

# Reverse Prompt ability to acquire new information or skills though instruction or experience

Answer 39

learning

Question 40

# Reverse Prompt a hypothetical neurophysiologic storage unit in the cerebrum that is the source of a particular memory

Answer 40

engram

Question 41

# Reverse Prompt temporary ability to recall a few pieces of information for seconds to minutes

Answer 41

short-term memory

Question 42

# Reverse Prompt information in short-term memory may later be transformed into a more permanent type of memory

Answer 42

long-term memory

Question 43

# Reverse Prompt lack or loss of memory

Answer 43

amnesia

Question 44

# Reverse Prompt humans sleep and awaken in a 24-hour cycle

Answer 44

circadian rhythm

Question 45

# Reverse Prompt * a portion of the reticular formation that has many ascending connections with the cerebral cortex * when this area of the brain stem is active * nerve impulses pass to the thalamus and widespread areas of the cerebral coretex * results in generalized alertness or arousal from sleep

Answer 45

reticular activating system

Question 46

# Reverse Prompt state of wakefulness

Answer 46

consciousness

Question 47

# Reverse Prompt state of unconsciousness in which a person's responses to stimuli are reduced or absent

Answer 47

coma

Question 48

# Reverse Prompt * Non-Rapid Eye Movement * 4 gradually merging stages 1. transition 2. light sleep 3. moderately deep sleep 4. deep sleep

Answer 48

NREM sleep

Question 49

# Reverse Prompt * Rapid Eye Movement under closed eyelids

Answer 49

REM sleep

Question 50

# Reverse Prompt * STD * caused by bacteria * third state cause dibillitating neurological symptoms

Answer 50

syphilis

Question 51

# Reverse Prompt condition in which REM sleep cannot be inhibited during waking periods

Answer 51

narcolepsy

Question 52

# Reverse Prompt difficulty in falling asslep and staying asleep

Answer 52

insomnia

Question 53

# Reverse Prompt disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing for 10 or more seconds while sleeping

Answer 53

sleep apnea

Question 54

# Reverse Prompt complete loss of strength in an affected limb or muscle group

Answer 54

paralysis

Question 55

# Reverse Prompt * nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, motor control centers of the brain * cause physical disability

Answer 55

cerebral palsy

Question 56

# Reverse Prompt * uncontrollable shaking and muscle rigidity * dopamine-releasing neurons degenerates

Answer 56

Parkinson disease

Question 57

# Reverse Prompt * inherited disorder * loss of neurons that normally release GABA or acetylcholine

Answer 57

Huntington disease

Question 58

# Reverse Prompt muscles of the upper limb may alternately contract and relax, causing it to shake

Answer 58

tremor

Question 59

# Reverse Prompt generator potential or receptor potential decreases in amplitude during a maintained, constant stimulus

Answer 59

adaptation

Question 60

# Reverse Prompt a visual sensation that continues after the stimulus ends. The image may appear in colors complementary to those of the stimulus.

Answer 60

afterimage

Question 61

# Reverse Prompt the act of perceiving an idea or thought as an objective reality.

Answer 61

projection