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Ch 4, 16, 18, 21(part 1 & 2), 27 > Chapter 16 The Brain & Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 16 The Brain & Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

the neuro tube forms what

A

1 cephalic area

2 spinal cord

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2
Q

Space that connects the third and 4th ventricle

A

Aqueduct of the midbrain

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3
Q

Procencephalon broken into which groups

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

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4
Q

The mesencephalon is also know as what

A

Midbrain

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5
Q

What comprise the brain stem

A 
1 medulla ablongata
2 mesencephalon (midbrain)
3. Pons
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6
Q

Function of the medulla ablongata

A 
1 regulate heart rate 
2 regulate blood pressure
3 help with digestion
4 respiration
5 Relays sensory information to the thalamus and other portions of the brainstem
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7
Q

Medulla ablongata relays information to

A

Thalamus

Brain stem

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8
Q

Function of the pons

A

1 Relays sensory information to the cerebellum and thalamus

2 Regulates SUBCONSCIOUS somatic and visceral motor centers

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9
Q

The CNS developed from

A

The neuro tube

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10
Q

Function of the midbrain

A

Process
1 visual data
2 auditory data
3 maintaining consciousness and alertness
4 involved in reflexive somatic motor response to stimuli

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11
Q

Where is the pineal located

A

Epithalamus

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12
Q

Function of the thalamus

A
  • where almost all the information arrives
  • processing sensory information
  • relays information to the cerebral cortex
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13
Q

What part of the brain is involved in habitual activities

A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A
  • to conduct complex somatic motor functions
  • smooth operation of the muscle

THINK MUSCLE CONTROL

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15
Q

Function of the hypothalamus

A
  • involved in emotions because there’s where you have part of the limbic system
  • involved with thirst
  • some habitual activity
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16
Q

What is responsible for conscious thought process as well as memory and intellectual function and planning

A

Cerebrum

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17
Q

What structure separates the left and right ventricles

A

The septum pellucidum

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18
Q

What connects the third and fourth ventricles

A

Aqueduct of the midbrain

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19
Q

What is the opening in the bottom of the left and right ventricle

A

Interventricular foramen

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20
Q

Right and left ventricles release the contents into this structure

A

Interventricular foramen

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21
Q

List the 3 cranial meninges

A

1 dura mater (outermost)
2 arachnoid mater
3 pia mater (innermost)

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22
Q

What are the folds of the dura mater

A

1 Falx cerebri
2 Falx cerebelli
3 tentorium cerebelli

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23
Q

What fissure does the Falx cerebri extend into? What sinuses supply blood to this area?

A

Longitudinal fissure
Sinuses are:
1 superior saggital sinus
2 inferior saggital sinus

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24
Q

The tentorium cerebelli covers this structure and separates these hemispheres

A

Covers the cerebellum and separates the cerebellar hemispheres from the cerebral hemispheres

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25
Q

What sinus is found in the tentorium cerebelli

A

Transverse sinus

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26
Q

In which fold of the dura mater is the occipital sinus found

A

Occipital sinus

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27
Q

The diaphragma sellae penetrates the inside of this structure

A

Sella turcica of the sphenoid

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28
Q

What gland does the sella turcica of the sphenoid house

A

Pituitary gland

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29
Q

The diaphragma sella contains the occipital sinus. T/F

A

False. It has no sinuses

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30
Q

Function of the Cerebrum

A

1 Conscious thought processes and intellectual functions
2 MEMORY STORAGE
3 Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal MUSCLE CONTRACTION

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31
Q

The diencephalon consists of what 3 structures

A

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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32
Q

The blood brain barrier has endothelial cells covering the blood vessels and have tight junctions. T/F

A

True. They have endothelial cells and tight junctions and as a result, very little things can pass through

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33
Q

What areas of the Blood Brain barrier are not very tight and you also have the choroid plexus in these areas

A

1 Portions of the hypothalamus
2 Pineal gland
3 3rd and 4th ventricles

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34
Q

The spaces between some endothelial cells in the blood brain barrier are ___________ and these spaces allow more things to pass through

A

sphenestrated

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35
Q

More influx and eflux of nutrients take place in this plexus of the blood brain barrier

A

choroid plexus

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36
Q

The pineal gland produces what

A

Melatonin

This regulates day and night cycle

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37
Q

The thalamus is formed by the walls of which ventricle

A

3rd ventricle

38
Q

There is a right and left thalamus T/F

A

True

39
Q

What is the inter-thalamic adhesion

A

This is what divides the left and right thalamus

40
Q

95% of the info passing through the thalamus goes to structures located ______(posterior or anterior) to the ________ sulcus

A

posterior to the central sulcus

41
Q

Which structure forms the floor of the third ventricle

A

hypothalamus

42
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

A

infundibulum

43
Q

What is found on the walls of the hypothalamus

A

mamillary body

44
Q

What divides the left and right hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

Vermis

45
Q

What are the 3 main layers of the Cerebellum

A 
Outer layer (molecular layer)
Middle layer ( purkinje cell layer)
Most internal layer (granule cell layer)
46
Q

The outer layer of the cerebellum contains what

A

Dendrites of the purkinje cell layer

47
Q

The middle layer of the cerebellum contains what

A

The cell body of the purkinje cells

48
Q

The Granule cell layer of the cerebellum contains what

A

1 Axons of the purkinje cells

2 Granule cells

49
Q

What separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

Vermis

50
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for coordination

A

Cerebellum

51
Q

The cerebrum is divided into 2 hemispheres by what

A

Longitudinal fissure

52
Q

Function of the occipital lobe

A

1 visual processing of words

2 vision

53
Q

Function of the parietal lobe

A

Spatial coordination of the body and its surroundings

54
Q

Function of Wernicke’s area

A

Language comprehension and intelligence

55
Q

Function of Broca’s area

A

Word formation

56
Q

Function of the limbic association area

A

1 behavior
2 emotions
3 motivation

57
Q

What is the location of the somatosensory are in relation to the central sulcus

A

Posterior to the sulcus

58
Q

The motor area is posterior or anterior to the central sulcus?

A

Anterior

59
Q

Which area of the brain plans complex movement & elaboration of thoughts

A

Frontal cerebral cortex

60
Q

What is the location of the limbic system

A
  • between the cerebrum and diencephalon

- superior to the corpus callosum

61
Q

What is the function of the limbic system

A
  • establishing emotional states
  • ## memory storage and retrieval
62
Q

Parts of the limbic system include

A 
Cingulate gyrus
Dentate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Hippocampus 
Fornix
63
Q

What connects the white matter of the hippocampus to the hypothalamus

A

Fornix

64
Q

What controls the reflex associated with eating

A

Mamillary bodies

65
Q

Cranial nerves are components of what nervous system and connects to what structure

A

Cranial nerves are components of the PNS peripheral nervous system and connects to the Brain NOT the spinal cord

66
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12

67
Q

The cranial nerves emerge from the brain and are considered part of the PNS - peripheral nervous system except for one that is considered part of the CNS. T/F

A

T
Even though thy emerge from the brain, they are considered part of the peripheral nervous system except for one that is considered part of the CNS

68
Q

Each cranial nerve attaches to the brain near what

A

The associated sensory or motor nuclei

69
Q

The Olfactory nerve N1 innervates what

A

The olfactory epithelium - it originates on the olfactory epithelium

70
Q

The olfactory nerve passes through the thalamus and then directly attaches to the cerebrum. T/F

A

F
It is part of the cerebrum - it directly attaches to it.
IT DOES NOT have to pass through the thalamus.

71
Q

The optic nerve innervates / originates this structure

A

Retina of the eye

72
Q

What is the primary function of the optic nerve and what structure does it pass through

A 
Special sensory (sight)
Optic canal
73
Q

What is the primary function of the occulomotor nerve and what muscles does it move

A 
Function is eye movement
Moves these muscles
1 SUPERIOR rectus
2 MEDIAL rectus
2 INFERIOR rectus
3 medial oblique
4 inferior oblique
5 levator palpebrae muscles
74
Q

What is the function of the Trochlear nerve and which muscle it innervates

A 
Eye movement (motor function)
Innervates the SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE
75
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve N5

A

Ophthalmic branch - innervates the eye
Maxillary branch - innervates the maxilla
Mandibular branch - innervates the mandible

76
Q

Function of the abducens nerve N6

A

Eye movement

Innervates the lateral rectus muscle

77
Q

What nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle

A

Trochlear nerve N4

78
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial oblique muscle of the eye

A

Occulomotor nerve N3

79
Q

Which nerve elevated the palpebrae

A

Occulomotor nerve N3

80
Q

The facial nerve is sensory or motor

A

Mixed

81
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve N9 moves what area of the body

A

The tongue

82
Q

Which nerve takes part in giving us balance and equilibrium as well as being necessary for hearing

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve N8

83
Q

Which nerve is the most complex and innervates several different organs

A

Vagus nerve

84
Q

What nerve is located below the tongue and passes through the hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal nerve N12

85
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember the different nerves

A

Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly

86
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember whether the nerve is motor/sensory

A

Some Say Money Matter Most But My Brother Says Big Brains Matters Most

87
Q

What structure connects the lateral and third ventricle

A

Interventricular foramen

88
Q

Which structure in the brain allows you to plan before doing something

A

Cerebellum

89
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for making sure we are very intelligent

A

Wernicke’s area

90
Q

The info from receptors of the aortic bodies travel via which cranial nerve

A

?

Ch 4, 16, 18, 21(part 1 & 2), 27 (6 decks)

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