Chapter 17 - 06-17-15 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Are steroid hormones lipid or water soluble?
lipid-soluble
Which hormones are synthesized from cholesterol?
Steroid hormones
What do steroid hormones include?
steroids in gonads, adrenal cortex, and sometimes calcitriol.
Which hormone type has the most hormones?
protein hormones
What are protein hormones composed of?
small chain of amino acids
Are protein hormones water or lipid soluble?
water-soluble
Protein hormones include?
polypeptides, oligopeptides, and glycoproteins
What are biogenic amines?
modified amino acids
What do biogenic amines include?
catecholamines from adrenal medulla
thyroid hormones from thyroid gland
Are biogenic amines water or lipid soluble?
water-soluble except thyroid hormone
Local hormones are a large group of?
signaling molecules
Do local hormones circulate in the blood?
no
Describe the pathway of a local hormone.
released from cells that produce them and bind with same or neighboring cell
What is a type of a local hormone?
eicosanoids
What are eicosanoids formed from?
fatty acids and 20 carbon atoms
What are eicosanoids derived from?
phospholipids within the cell’s plasma membrane
What are eicosanoids made from?
arachidonic acid
What do eicosanoids form?
leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes
Define autocrine stimulation.
initiate changes in same cell where formed
Define paracrine stimulation.
initiate changes in neighboring cells
List eicosanoids functions.
role in inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and pain receptors.
Water-soluble hormones readily or not readily dissolve?
readily
lipid-soluble hormones readily or not readily dissolve?
not readily
What do lipid-soluble hormones require?
carrier molecule
