Chapter 17

Question 1

What are the three main functions of blood

Answer 1

transport regulation and protection

Question 2

What are the normal hematocrit levels

Answer 2

males 47 females 42

Question 3

What is plasma

Answer 3

liquid portion of blood used for transporting

Question 4

What is the pH of blood

Answer 4

7.35 to 7.45

Question 5

Where are plasma proteins produced

Answer 5

the liver

Question 6

What is the importance of albumin

Answer 6

it is a carrier molecule that acts as a buffer and maintains plasma osmotic pressure with Na

Question 7

What is serum

Answer 7

plasma minus fibrinogen

Question 8

What are the characteristics of RBCs

Answer 8

biconcave disc, mostly hemoglobin, no nuclei or organells

Question 9

What is spectrin

Answer 9

protein molecule that helps with flexibility

Question 10

Why is carbon monoxide so deadly

Answer 10

it binds to hemoglobin with a higher affinity than oxygen causing the person to suffocate

Question 11

What is erthropoietin

Answer 11

made in the kidneys to stimulate RBC production

Question 12

What are the dietary requirements for RBCs

Answer 12

Iron calcium and vitamin D

Question 13

What is the lifespan of RBCs

Answer 13

120 days

Question 14

What is hemorrhagic anemia caused by

Answer 14

a sudden loss of blood

Question 15

What is chronic hemorrhagic anemia caused by

Answer 15

slow blood loss

Question 16

What is iron-deficiency anemia caused by

Answer 16

low iron

Question 17

what are microcytes

Answer 17

smaller than normal RBCs

Question 18

What is pernicious anemia caused by

Answer 18

not enough B12

Question 19

What are Macrocytes

Answer 19

larger than normal RBCs

Question 20

What causes renal anemia

Answer 20

lack of EPO with renal disease

Question 21

What causes aplastic anemia

Answer 21

body stops producing enough red blood cells because of damage to red bone marrow

Question 22

What causes hemolytic anemia

Answer 22

incompatible transfusions and infections

Question 23

Thalassemias

Answer 23

less hemoglobin in body than normal

Question 24

Symptoms of sickle-cell anemia

Answer 24

fatigue, bedwetting, jaundice and pain

Question 25

Polycythemia vera

Answer 25

bone marrow cancer

Question 26

What causes Secondary polycythemia

Answer 26

less O2 or EPO increased

Question 27

What is positive chemotaxis

Answer 27

movement of cells toward a high concentration of a stimulating substance

Question 28

What are the granulocytes

Answer 28

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 29

What are the agranulocytes

Answer 29

monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 30

What are neutrophils good at

Answer 30

destroying bacteria invaders

Question 31

What are eosinophils good at

Answer 31

destroying parasites

Question 32

What do basophils do

Answer 32

release histamine

Question 33

What are lymphocytes used in

Answer 33

immunity T cells and B cells

Question 34

What are monocytes used for

Answer 34

macrophages in tissues

Question 35

Where does leukopoiesis happen

Answer 35

bone marrow

Question 36

What is leukopenia

Answer 36

drug induced low WBC count

Question 37

What is leukemia

Answer 37

cancer of WBC where leukocytes remain unspecialized and mitotic so they suppress normal bone marrow functions

Question 38

What causes Mono

Answer 38

Epstein Barr virus, high number of typical agranulocytes

Question 39

What are the symptoms of Mono

Answer 39

fatigue fever sore throat swollen lymph nodes liver and or spleen

Question 40

What are vascular spasms triggered by

Answer 40

injury to endothelium releases chemicals

Question 41

What are the three steps of blood clotting

Answer 41

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation

Question 42

What are the main steps of coagulation

Answer 42

prothrombin makes thrombin thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin and fibrinolysis

Question 43

What is plasmin's function

Answer 43

fibrinolytic protease

Question 44

What is a thrombus

Answer 44

intact blood clot

Question 45

What is an embolis

Answer 45

a free-floating clot

Question 46

What is thrombocytopenia

Answer 46

low platelet counts

Question 47

What can causes thrombocytopenia

Answer 47

impaired liver function, vitamin K deficiency, hepatitis and cirrhosis

Question 48

How do we restore blood volume

Answer 48

normal saline or multiple electrolyte solution

Question 49

What does normal saline not do in restoring blood volume

Answer 49

replace oxygen carrying capacities of RBCs

Question 50

What are agglutinogens

Answer 50

antigens on the RBC surface

Question 51

What are agglutinins

Answer 51

antibodies in the plasma

Question 52

How can blood tests reveal lipidemia

Answer 52

high lipids

Question 53

How can blood tests reveal anemia

Answer 53

low RBC count

Question 54

How can blood tests reveal diabetes

Answer 54

blood glucose levels

Question 55

How can blood tests reveal infection/cancer

Answer 55

leukocytosis, lots of leukocytes

Question 56

Why do we measure prothrombin time

Answer 56

to make sure blood can clot fast enough