chapter 17

Question 1

skilled workers

Answer 1

highly educated or trained segments of the workforce

Question 2

unskilled workers

Answer 2

segments of the workforce who have little to no training or experience

Question 3

trade union

Answer 3

group of workers with the same trade/skill

Question 4

strike

Answer 4

a refusal to do work in order to force an employer to makes changes

Question 5

prejudice

Answer 5

an unfair opinion not based on facts

Question 6

discrimination

Answer 6

unfair treatment

Question 7

immigrant

Answer 7

person who moves to a new place

Question 8

famine

Answer 8

an extreme shortage of food

Question 9

nativist

Answer 9

person opposed to immigration

Question 10

domestic slave trade

Answer 10

the trade of enslaved people within the US

Question 11

yeoman

Answer 11

farmers who owned small farms

Question 12

overseer

Answer 12

plantation manager

Question 13

spiritual

Answer 13

an african american religious song

Question 14

fugitive

Answer 14

a person who has run away or is in hiding

Question 15

clipped ship

Answer 15

a ship that has “clipped” time from long journeys

Question 16

the development of railroads

Answer 16

first steam-powered railroad engine ran in britain in the year 1829, first american steam-powered railroad engine was built by peter cooper in the year 1830, railroads connected the midwest to the east

Question 17

samuel morse and the telegraph

Answer 17

inventor of the telegraph, uses electric signals to send messages (1844)

Question 18

improvements in agriculture

Answer 18

new machinery such as the steel-tipped plow, the reaper, and the thresher made collecting wheat easier and faster (caused people to move to the midwest)

Question 19

prejudice and discrimination in the north

Answer 19

immigrants from germany and ireland were discriminated

Question 20

push factors

Answer 20

things that “push” someone out of a place/country (ex. poor living conditions, oppression)

Question 21

pull factors

Answer 21

things that “pull” someone into a place/country (ex. freedom, opportunities)

Question 22

irish immigration

Answer 22

push factors: potato famine (killed one million people), british rule

pull factors: political and religious freedom

Question 23

german immigration

Answer 23

push factors: natural disasters (which caused food shortages), rule of the austro-hungarian empire

pull factors: work, opportunities, political freedom

Question 24

the know nothing party (also known as the american party)

Answer 24

a political party formed by nativists whose purpose was to make it harder to become a citizen for immigrants

Question 25

plantation based agriculture

Answer 25

many cash crops were grown on plantations, the work was done by enslaved people (in the south)

Question 26

the cotton kingdom

Answer 26

after the american revolution, there was a great demand for cotton. cotton took a long time to collect so to solve the problem, eli whitney invented a machine called the cotton gin. this also lead to a greater demand for enslaved workers so that more cotton could be collected in a certain amount of time.

Question 27

cash crops

Answer 27

crops that were planted for the purpose of selling (ex. tobacco, rice, cotton, sugarcane, wheat)

Question 28

the triangular trade system

Answer 28

a system of exchange between the US, africa, and europe

Question 29

the middle passage

Answer 29

transatlantic shipment of slaves from africa to the western hemisphere

Question 30

life on the plantation

Answer 30

enslaved people worked hard, earned little to no money, had little hope of being set free, and feared for being separated from their families

Question 31

slave codes

Answer 31

laws in southern states meant to control enslaved people

Question 32

slave resistence

Answer 32

a way for slaves to resist slavery and their owners (ex. running away, breaking tools, working slowly, destroying crops/livestock)

Question 33

nat turner

Answer 33

popular religious leader among enslaved people who led a violent rebellion

Question 34

the underground railroad

Answer 34

a group of people who were against slavery and a set of locations that helped enslaved people escape slavery

Question 35

harriet tubman

Answer 35

african american leader who helped enslaved people escape slavery by being apart of the underground railroad

Question 36

the fugitive slave act

Answer 36

a law that required that slaves be returned to their owner even if found in a free state

Question 37

chattel

Answer 37

a piece of property that can be bought or sold (enslaved people were considered to be chattel)