Chapter 17 Flashcards
Inheritance (16 cards)
Allele
An alternative form of a gene
Dominant
An allele that is expressed if it is present in the genotype
Gene
A length of DNA that codes for a protein
Genotype
The genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles of a particular gene; therefore, a heterozygous individual will not be pure breeding
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles of a particular gene; two homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure breeding
Inheritance
The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
Phenotype
The observable features of an organism
Recessive
An allele that is expressed only when no dominant allele of the gene is present in the genotype
Codominance
A situation in which both alleles in a heterozygous organism contribute to the phenotype
Diploid nucleus
A nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes
Haploid nucleus
A nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes
Meiosis
Reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid, resulting in genetically different cells
Mitosis
Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells
Sex-linked characteristic
A feature in which the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome, which makes it more common in one sex than in the other
Stem cell
An unspecialised cell that divides by mitosis to produce daughter cells that can become specialised for specific purposes
