Chapter 17

Question 0

Protein is a 2 step process known as?

Answer 0

Transcription

Translation

Question 1

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Answer 1

DNA
mRNA
Protein

Question 2

What is gene expression?

Answer 2

Process by which DNA directs protein synthesis

Includes 2 stages: transcription & translation

Question 3

What is a Codon?

Answer 3

Triplet nucleotide bases of mRNA

Question 4

What is the role of a Codon?

Answer 4

Bring in AA that is attached to one end of tRNA molecule during translation

Question 5

During translation, what direction are codons read in ribosomes?

Answer 5

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 6

What is the Start codon?

Answer 6

UAG

Question 7

What are the stop codon?

Answer 7

UAA
UAG
UGA

Question 8

What is Transcription?

Answer 8

The DNA-directed synthesis of RNA

Question 9

What is the enzyme involved in transcription?

Answer 9

RNA polymerase

Question 10

RNA polymerase

Answer 10

Catalyze RNA synthesis

Question 11

Promoter

Answer 11

DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches

Question 12

Terminator

Answer 12

Sequence signalling the end of transcription

Question 13

Transcription unit

Answer 13

Stretch of DNA that is transcribed

Question 14

What are the 3 stages of transcription?

Answer 14

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 15

TATA box

Answer 15

Promoter

Crucial in forming the initiation complex in eukaryotes

Question 16

What do transcription factors do?

Answer 16

Mediate the binding of RNA polymerase II and the initiation of transcription

Question 17

What are the 2 steps in eukaryotic RNA processing?

Answer 17

5’cap & 3’ poly-A tail

Splicing of introns

Question 18

What is the function of the 5’cap and 3’ poly-A tail?

Answer 18

Facilitate the export of mRNA

Protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes

Help ribosomes attach to the 5’ end

Question 19

What is the significance of RNA splicing?

Answer 19

Removes introns & joins exons

Creating a mRNA molecule with continuous coding sequence

Question 20

What ate Introns?

Answer 20

Noncoding regions

Question 21

What are exons?

Answer 21

Coding regions

Eventually expressed

Usually translated into amino acid sequences

Question 22

What role does Spliceosome play?

Answer 22

Carries out RNA splicing

Question 23

What are the 3 stages of translation?

Answer 23

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 24

Initiation in Translation

Answer 24

Brings together: mRNA tRNA with the first amino acid Two ribosomal subunits

Question 25

Elongation in Translation

Answer 25

Amino acids are added one by one to the preceding amino acid

Question 26

Termination in Translation

Answer 26

Occurs when a stop codon in the mRNA reaches the ribosome

Question 27

Ribosomes facilitate...

Answer 27

Specific coupling of tRNA anticodons with mRNA codons in protein synthesis

Question 28

Elongation of the RNA strand (transcription)

Answer 28

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA Untwists the double helix

Question 29

Termination of Transcription In bacteria

Answer 29

The polymerase stops transcription at the end of the terminator

Question 30

Termination of Transcription In eukaryotes

Answer 30

The polymerase continues transcription after the pre-mRNA is cleaved from the growing RNA chain The polymerase eventually falls off the DNA