Chapter 17

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

disease causing micro-organisms

Question 2

Vaccine

Answer 2

a substance that contains the weakened or killed disease-causing virus

Question 3

Interferons

Answer 3

small proteins that are produced by the bodies cells when the cells are infected by viruses

Question 4

Sterilization

Answer 4

the growth of potentially dangerous bacteria can be controlled by sterilization

Question 5

bacteriophages

Answer 5

a more complex structure occurs in certain viruses

Question 6

lysogenic infection

Answer 6

the DNA of the virus enters the cell and is inserted into the DNA on the host cell

Question 7

prophage

Answer 7

the viral DNA after inserted into the hosts cells DNA in a lysogenic infection

Question 8

retrovirus

Answer 8

contain RNA as their genetic information

Question 9

parasite

Answer 9

an organism that depends entirely upon another living organism for its existence in such a was that harms that organism

Question 10

prokaryotes

Answer 10

cells that do not have a nucleus

Question 11

methanogens

Answer 11

archaebacteria that produce methane gas

Question 12

phototrophic autogrophs

Answer 12

monerans that trap the energy of sunlight on a manner similar to green plants

Question 13

chemotrophic autogrophs

Answer 13

monerand that live in harsh environments and obtain energy from inorganic molecules

Question 14

chemotropohics heterotrophs

Answer 14

bacteria that obtain energy by taking in organic molecules and then breaking them down and absorbing them

Question 15

phototrophic heterotrophs

Answer 15

photosynthetic- they are able to to use sunlight for energy, but also need organic compounds for nutrition

Question 16

obligate aerobes

Answer 16

organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live

Question 17

obligate anaerobes

Answer 17

bacteria that does not require oxygen and are poisoned by it

Question 18

toxins

Answer 18

poisons that cause botulism

Question 19

faculative anaerobes

Answer 19

bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen

Question 20

binary fission

Answer 20

when bacterium has grown so that it has nearly doubled in size, it replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells

Question 21

conjugation

Answer 21

the transfer of parts of their genetic information from one cell to another to another through a protein bridge

Question 22

endospore

Answer 22

formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm

Question 23

symbiosis

Answer 23

when a bacteria develop a close relationship with other organisms in which the bacteria or the other organism or both benfit

Question 24

saprophytes

Answer 24

organisms that use the complex molecules of a once living organism as their source of energy and nutrition

Question 25

nitrogen fixation

Answer 25

cyanobacteria and other bacteria can take nitrogen from the air and convert it to a form that plants use

Question 26

antibiotics

Answer 26

drug or natural compound that can attack and destroy certain micro-organisms

Question 27

bacilli

Answer 27

rod-shaped bacteria

Question 28

cocci (coccus)

Answer 28

spherical bacteria

Question 29

spirilla (spirillum)

Answer 29

spiral-shaped baacteria

Question 30

lytic

Answer 30

type of virus that infects living cells, causing them to burst

Question 31

cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria)

Answer 31

photosynthetic, contain membranes that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis