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Chemistry 2 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

______ have an -OH group bonded to the carbonyl C atom.

A

Carboxylic acids

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2
Q

_____ have an -OR group bonded to the carbonyl C atom.

A

Esters

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3
Q

________ have a -NH2, -NHR, or -NR2 group bonded to the carbonyl C atom

A

Amides

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4
Q

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are all ______.

A

polar

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5
Q

Carboxylic acids and ____ hydrogen bond.

A

amides

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6
Q

Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points that the comparable _______.

A

Alkanes

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7
Q

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives undergo __________________ reactions, in which the group bonded to the carbonyl C atom is replaced.

A

Carbonyl-group substitution reactions

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8
Q

Carboxylic acids behave as _______ acids.

A

weak

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9
Q

Carboxylic acids surrender the ________ of the carboxyl group to bases.

A

hydrogen

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10
Q

COOH is indicative of what group?

A

Carboxyl group

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11
Q

What occurs when carboxylic acids surrender the hydrogen of the carboxyl group to bases in an aqueous solution?

A

They establish acid-base equilibria in aqueous solutions.

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12
Q

Like _______, carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds with each other.

A

Alcohols

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13
Q

Most carboxylic acids are _______ at room temperature.

A

liquid

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14
Q

Carboxylic acids pair up by hydrogen bonding, an example of this is _______ acid.

A

Formic

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15
Q

Acids with saturated straight-chain R groups of up to 9 C’s are volatile liquids with ______, ______ odors.

A

strong, sharp

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16
Q

Acids with larger saturated R groups are _____, _____ solids

A

waxy, odorless

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17
Q

Carboxylic acids are named in the IUPAC system by replacing the final -e of the alkane name with -_____ ____.

A

-oic acid

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18
Q

If other functional groups are present in a carboxylic acid, the chain is numbered beginning at the -______ end.

A

-COOH

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19
Q

Common names of many carboxylic acids are used far more often than their IUPAC names, because they were the first organic compounds to be _______ and _______.

A

isolated and purified

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20
Q

In ______, as in all common amino acids, the -NH2 group is on the alpha carbon atom next to -COOH.

A

Alanine

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21
Q

When using common names, the carbon atoms attached to the -COOH group are identified by _______ rather than numbers.

A

greek letters

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22
Q

_______ acids, which contain two -COOH groups, are named systematically by adding the ending -dioic acid to the alkane name.

A

Dicarboxylic acids

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23
Q

_______ acids are named systematically in the IUPAC system with the ending -enoic.

A

Unsaturated acids

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24
Q

The acyl group that remains when a carboxylic acid loses its -OH is named by replacing the -ic at the end of the name with -___.

A

-oyl

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25
An exception is the ____ group from acetic acid, which is traditionally called an acetyl group.
Acyl
26
HCOOH represents what carboxylic acid?
Formic acid
27
CH3COOH represents what carboxylic acid?
Acetic
28
CH2CH2COOH represents what carboxylic acid?
Propionic
29
CH3CH2CH2COOH represents what carboxylic acid?
Butyric
30
A benzene with a COOH attached is what carboxylic acid?
Benzoic
31
A benzene with a COOH group and an OH group attached is known as what?
Salicylic
32
When the -OH of the carboxyl group is converted to the -OR of an ester group, the ability of the molecules to hydrogen bond with each other is _____.
Lost
33
______ _____ are lower boiling from the acids from which they are derived.
Simple esters
34
_____ are colorless, volatile liquids with pleasant odors, and many of them contribute to the natural fragrance of flowers and ripe fruits.
Esters
35
_____ ______ is used as a food flavoring to give the taste of pineapples.
Ethyl Butyrate
36
Unsubstituted amides can form _ strong hydrogen bonds to other amide molecules.
3
37
______ _______ are higher melting and boiling from the acids in which they are derived.
Unsubstituted amides
38
Low molecular weight unsubstituted amides are solids that are soluble in both ____ and _____ solvents.
water, organic
39
This simplest amide is the exception to the low molecular weight unsubstituted amides being solids that are soluble in both water and organic solvents.
Formamide
40
Formamide takes what physical form?
Liquid
41
Monosubstituted amides can also from hydrogen bonds to each other but _____ cannot do so
disubstituted
42
Which have higher boiling points, monosubstituted or disubstituted amides?
Monosubstituted
43
The nitrogen atom is bonded to a carbonyl group carbon in an amide, but not in a ____.
amine
44
The positive end of the carbonyl group attracts the unshared pair of electrons on nitrogen strong enough to prevent it from .....?
It can prevent it from acting as a base by accepting a hydrogen atom
45
_____ are not basic like amines.
amides
46
What chemical is present in the sting of ants?
Formic acid
47
______ acid, (CH3COOH) in an aqueous solution is known as vinegar.
Acetic
48
What acid was first isolated from the skin of goats- which has a distinct smell?
Caproic acid
49
What acid is responsible for the odor of rancid butter?
Butyric acid
50
What acid is present in citrus fruits and blood?
Citric acid
51
Carboxylic acids are weak acids that establish equilibria in aqueous solution with ________ ions.
Carboxylate
52
Ester formation I known as ________.
Esterification
53
Esterification is carried out by warming a ______ with an ______ in the presence of a strong-acid catalyst.
Carboxylic acid, | Alcohol
54
Are esterification reactions reversible?
yes
55
Ester formation is favored by either using a large excess of the ______ or continuously removing one of the products.
Alcohol
56
Unsubstituted amides are formed by the reaction of _______ with ______.
Carboxylic acids and ammonia
57
Substituted amides are produced in reactions between _______ or _____ amines and carboxylic acids.
Primary, secondary
58
_____ is a white, crystalline solid. It is an ester formed between acetic acid and the -OH group of salicylic acid.
Aspirin
59
What is the chemical name for aspirin?
Acetylsalicylic acid
60
What group is aspirin in?
Ester
61
Tylenol is an amide that also contains a _____ group.
Hydroxyl
62
Tylenol is an _____.
Amide
63
Unlike aspirin, Tylenol is not an __________ agent.
Anti-inflammatory
64
Aspirin and Tylenol both can reduce _____.
fever
65
What is the major advantage of acetaminophen over aspirin?
Acetaminophen does not induce internal bleeding
66
What is the name of a local anesthetic used in many over the counter topical preparations for such conditions as cold sores, poison ivy, and hemorrhoids?
benzocaine
67
How does benzocaine work?
By blocking the transmission of impulses by the sensory nerves
68
Why is lidocaine injected rather than benzocaine?
Benzocaine is less soluble
69
What is the reverse process of esterification?
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis
70
If an ester is treated with water in the presence of a strong acid, what takes place?
Hydrolysis
71
How does hydrolysis work in reversing esterification?
The excess of water pushes the equilibrium to the right
72
Ester hydrolysis by reaction with a base such as NaOH or KOH is known as _______.
saponification
73
The product of saponification is a _______ anion.
carboxylate
74
Amides are extremely _____ in water, but undergo hydrolysis with heating in the presence of acids or bases.
Stable
75
Under acidic conditions, the _____ acid and _____ salt are obtained, using base produces the neutral amine and carboxylate ion.
Carboxylic acid and amine salt
76
A sign of acid hydrolysis is a ____ charge.
Positive

Chemistry 2 (4 decks)

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