Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein Flashcards
Elongation
Polymerase moves downstream unwinding DNA any long gating the RNA transcript 5’-3’
Initiation
RNA pol binds to the promoter DNA, unwinds and polymerase initiates RNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand
Termination
RNA transcript is released and polymerize detaches from DNA
How is pre-mRNA splicing carried out
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein’s are short nucleotide sequences at each end of an intro on that recognizes the splice sites
What are polyribosomes
Strings of ribosomes attached to an mRNA to produce many copies of a polypeptide simultaneously and very quickly
What is a mutation
A change in the DNA sequence ultimate source of new genes
What is a point mutation
Changes in a single nucleotide pair of a gene. If a mutation occurs in gametes, it may be transmitted to offspring and create a genetic disorder
Nucleotide pair substitution
The replacement of one nucleotide and it’s partner with another pair of nucleotides
Silent
Missence
Nonsense
No effect on amino acid
Change one amino acid to another
Change amino acid for a stop
What is a frameshift mutation
Nucleotide pair insertion or deletion
Frameshift causing immediate nonsense
One insertion
Frameshift causing missense
One deletion
No frameshift but one amino acid is missing
Three nuclear perry deletion
Transcription
The synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA
Translation
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA
