Chapter 17: Gene to Protein

Question 1

What is Gene to Protein?

Answer 1

DNA is transcribed into RNA and RNA is translated into the Protein

Question 2

Coding region

Answer 2

The actual region of the gene that will be converted into a protein (lies between the promoter and the terminator)

Question 3

A sequence of DNA in the gene that causes the end of transcription

Answer 3

Terminator

Question 4

the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis

Answer 4

What is gene expression?

Question 5

An organism that carries one or more genes from a different species

Answer 5

Transgenic

Question 6

What are the 3 characteristics of a gene?

Answer 6

Promotor, coding region, terminator

Question 7

What is the region of a gene that is required for the initiation of transcription?

Answer 7

Promotor

Question 8

What are the 3 stages of transcription?

Answer 8

1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination

Question 9

What are transcription facots?

Answer 9

Proteins that recognize the promotor region and bind to the promotor.

Question 10

What does the cap G do?

Answer 10

Protects the RNA from degrading enzymes and also helps ribosomes recognize attachment sites

Question 11

What does A tail do?

Answer 11

May inhibit degradation, may help attachment to ribosomes, and may regulate protein synthesis by helping to move the mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores.

Question 12

What is RNA splicing?

Answer 12

The gene that codes for a protein may contain segments that are not used during translation, and thus must be removed.

Question 13

What is an intron?

Answer 13

Non-coding sections in the DNA of a gene that are initially transcribed but not translated because they are removed first.

Question 14

What are exons?

Answer 14

coding sections of a gene that are transcribed and translated into a protein.

Question 15

What is tRNA?

Answer 15

Transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm’s pool to a ribosome

Question 16

What is aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

Answer 16

An enzyme that attaches

Question 17

Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of protein’s activity?

Answer 17

It might substitute an amino acid in the active site.

Question 18

A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate?

Answer 18

Any mutation in the sequence is selected against

Question 19

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5’ AGT 3’. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is

Answer 19

3’ UCA 5’.

Question 20

What is the function of the release factor (RF)?

Answer 20

It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.

Question 21

The tRNA shown in the figure has its 3’ end projecting beyond its 5’ end. What will occur at this 3’ end?

Answer 21

The amino acid binds covalently

Question 22

The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?

Answer 22

ATP, RNA, and DNA

Question 23

What is the function of GTP in translation?

Answer 23

GTP energizes the formation of the initiation complex, using initiation factors.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

Answer 24

Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress.

Question 25

Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of protein's activity?

Answer 25

It might substitute an amino acid in the active site.

Question 26

What is the function of the release factor (RF)?

Answer 26

It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.

Question 27

A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA). The following charged transfer RNA molecules (with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction) are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form. The anticodon loop of the first tRNA that will complement this mRNA is

Answer 27

3' GGC 5'

Question 28

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase?

Answer 28

several transcription factors (TFs)

Question 29

Which of the following DNA mutations is the most likely to be damaging to the protein it specifies?

Answer 29

a base-pair deletion

Question 30

What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule?

Answer 30

hydrogen bonding between base pairs

Question 31

Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic eukaryotic gene expression, but does in eukaryotic gene expression?

Answer 31

A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5' end.

Question 32

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?

Answer 32

a single nucleotide deletion in an exon coding for an active site

Question 33

A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be

Answer 33

3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'.

Question 34

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

Answer 34

several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.