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BMSC 230 > Chapter 17 Lipid catabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Lipid catabolism Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

____ Bodies are an alternative fuel source to sugars & fats.

A

Ketone

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2
Q

_____ & _____ (as well as Pyruvate) are used to make acetyl - CoA

A

Amino Acids , Fatty Acids

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3
Q

Are lipids soluble in water?

A

No

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4
Q

Lipids are hydrophobic or hydrophilic generally?

A

hydrophobic

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5
Q

What are the 5 classes of Lipids?

A 
Triacylglycerols  (triglycerides)
Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Sterols
Fatty Acids
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6
Q

Sterols are used to make what 3 things?

A

Cholesterol
bile salts
hormones

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7
Q

What is a better source of energy? Glucose or lipids?

A

lipids are much better.

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8
Q

What are the 5 major functions of lipids?

A
  1. major source of energy
  2. barriers
  3. cell recognition
  4. hormones
  5. signalling molecules
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9
Q

What process allows lipids to become a major source of energy?

A

fatty acid oxidation

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10
Q

What class of lipid is used for barriers?

A

phospholipids

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11
Q

What class of lipid is used in cell recognition?

A

glycolipids

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of lipid hormones?

A

steroids, eicosanoids

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13
Q

signalling molecules are made from what type of lipid?

A

phospholipids

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14
Q

Are fatty acids a source of energy?

A

yes

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15
Q

Do every fatty acid have a carboxyl on the end?

A

yes

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16
Q

What are 2 ways that fatty acids are distinguished?

A

Length, saturation

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17
Q

saturation refers to what?

A

the number of double bonds or lack of

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18
Q

Saturated fatty acids are in what state at room temperature?

A

solid

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19
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are in what state at room temperature?

A

liquid

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20
Q

Saturated fatty acids have higher or lower melting point?

A

higher melting point

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21
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acids have higher or lower melting points?

A

lower melting points

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22
Q

T or F: Humans naturally produce transunsaturated fatty acids.

A

False; hard to find trans fatty acids in humans

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23
Q

Trans unsaturated fatty acids are found in what type of organisms?

A

cows, bacteria, plants

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24
Q

In FA Nomenclature what comes very first?

A

length of fatty acid

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25
in FA nomenclature what comes after the " : "
first position of the double bond
26
What goes in the brackets in FA nomenclature?
position of double bond
27
Which carbon is known as the alpha carbon?
carbon # 2
28
which carbon is known as the beta carbon?
carbon # 3
29
What are fatty acids stored as?
triacylglycerols
30
T or F: Fatty acids are toxic and must be stored until used.
True;
31
What is the backbone of triacylglycerols?
glycerol
32
What type of bond connects Fatty acids to their glycerol backbone?
Ester bond
33
What is the most concentrated form of biological energy?
triacylglycerols
34
How much more energy does Triacylglycerides have than carbs or proteins per gram?
2x
35
How many kJ/g does Triacylglycerol provide?
37 kJ/g
36
How many kJ/g does Carbohydrate provide?
16 kJ/g
37
How many kJ/g does Protein provide?
17 kJ/g
38
Are triacylglycerols chemically inert?
yes
39
are triacylglycerols highly oxidized?
No ; reduced
40
What does the brain use for energy?
glucose + ketone bodies
41
What does the heart use for energy?
80% Fatty acids , 20% glucose
42
T or F: Triacylglycerols are soluble in water and can be stored in large quantities.
False; insoluble ; allows it to be stored in large quantites
43
Why can't the brain use Triacylglycerols for energy?
can't cross the Blood Brain Barrier
44
Why does the heart use triacylglycerols for energy?
because it requires more energy
45
What allows hummingbirds to be able to sustain flight non-stop (500 miles)?
store triacylglycerol in the fall; metabolize
46
What percent of Hummingbird's weight is Triacylglycerol?
70% dry
47
Triacylglycerols are stored in what form?
anhydrous form ( no water)
48
How much ATP comes from a single fatty acid?
~100atp
49
How much ATP comes from a single glucose molecule?
30-32 AtP
50
T or F: glycogen is stored in a hydrous form
True; bound to water
51
What are the 2 types of energy reserves in the body?
1. adipose/triacylglycerols | 2. Liver/glycogen & muscle/glycogen
52
How long can you live on strictly triacyglycerols? (sedentary)
a month (30 days)
53
How long can you live on strictly triacyglycerols? (marathon)
3 days
54
how long can you live off muscle glycogen (sedentary)?
14 hours
55
how long can you survive off liver glycogen (sedentary) ?
4 hours
56
how long can you live off muscle glycogen (walking)?
5 hours
57
how long can you live off liver glycogen (walking)?
1 hour
58
1 glycogen molecule is bound to how many grams of Water?
2g
59
Excessive triacylglycerol is stored as what?
adipose tissue
60
too much storage of triacylglycerol leads to what clinical condition?
obesity and diabetes
61
High levels of tracylglycerol in blood can lead to what clinical condition?
Atherosclerosis - narrowing of blood arteries (heart attacks)
62
What enzyme breaks down Triacylglycerol into its subgroups?
Lipases
63
What activates a fatty acid so that it can enter the mitochondria?
CoA
64
Where does the cleaving of fatty acids from glycerol back bone take place?
extracellular fluid?

BMSC 230 (1 decks)

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