Chapter 17 - Overview of Human Infectious Diseases (DISEASES AND SPECIES)

Question 1

Dermatitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the skin

Question 2

Folliculitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of a hair follicle

Question 3

Stye

Answer 3

Inflammation of a sebaceous gland that opens into a follicle of an eyelash

Question 4

Furuncle

Answer 4

Pus producing infection of the skin, usually from folliculitis

Question 5

Carbuncle

Answer 5

Pus producing infection from a group of furuncles

Question 6

Macule

Answer 6

Surface lesion that is neither raised or depressed, it is like measles

Question 7

Papule

Answer 7

A surface lesion that is raised and firm, like chicken pox

Question 8

Vesicle

Answer 8

A small, fluid-filled sac, like chicken pox or shingles

Question 9

Pustule

Answer 9

A pus-filled surface lesion

Question 10

Otitis media

Answer 10

Infection of the middle ear. Usually empirically treated

Question 11

Otitis externa

Answer 11

Infection of the outer ear (ex: swimmer’s ear)

Question 12

Conjunctivitis

Answer 12

Inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva

Question 13

Keratitis

Answer 13

Inflammation or infection or the cornea

Question 14

Keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 14

Both cornea and conjunctiva are inflamed

Question 15

URT (type of infection)

Answer 15

Upper respiratory tract

Question 16

LRT (type of infection)

Answer 16

Lower respiratory tract. Infections of this are the most common cause of death from infectious diseases

Question 17

Bronchitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the bronchial tubes

Question 18

Bronchopneumonia

Answer 18

Bronchitis and pneumonia

Question 19

Epiglottitis

Answer 19

Inflammation of the epiglottis (Hib - Haemophilus influenza b)

Question 20

Laryngitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx

Question 21

Pharyngitis

Answer 21

Inflammation of the mucous membrane and underlying tissue of the pharynx. Most cases are viral. If it is strep, Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 22

Pneumonia

Answer 22

Inflammation of one or both lungs. Usually caused by bacteria, but can be caused by fungi, protozoa, or viruses

Question 23

Sinusitis

Answer 23

Inflammation of one or more sinuses. The most common causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae

Question 24

Colitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of the colon

Question 25

Diarrhea

Answer 25

An abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or fluid fecal matter

Question 26

Dysentery

Answer 26

Frequent watery stools, fever, abdominal pain, and dehydration

Question 27

Enteritis

Answer 27

Inflammation of the intestines - usually small intestine

Question 28

Gastritis

Answer 28

Inflammation of the mucosal linings of the stomach

Question 29

Gastroenteritis

Answer 29

Inflammation of the mucosal linings of the stomach and intestines

Question 30

Hepatitis

Answer 30

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Question 31

Upper UTIs

Answer 31

Kidneys - nephritis or pyelonephritis and ureteritis

Question 32

Lower UTIs

Answer 32

Bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis), or the prostate in men (prostatitis)

Question 33

Cystitis

Answer 33

Inflammation of the bladder. Most common type of UTI caused by E. coli

Question 34

Nephritis

Answer 34

Usually preceded by cystitis

Question 35

Ureteritis

Answer 35

Inflammation of one or more ureters. Usually caused by the spreading of infection upward from the bladder or downward from the kidneys

Question 36

Urethritis

Answer 36

Inflammation of the urethra. Usually sexually transmitted. Most commonly caused by Chlamydia trachomatous

Question 37

Prostatitis

Answer 37

Inflammation of the prostate gland. NOT an infectious disease

Question 38

Endocarditis

Answer 38

Inflammation of the endocardium, the endothelial membrane that lines the cavities of the heart

Question 39

Myocarditis

Answer 39

Inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart

Question 40

Pericarditis

Answer 40

Inflammation of the pericardium - the membranous sac around the heart

Question 41

Bacteremia

Answer 41

Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

Question 42

Transient bacteremia

Answer 42

Temporary presence of bacteria in the blood – can be from dental extractions, can be from damage to the intestinal, respiratory, or reproductive tract

Question 43

Septicemia

Answer 43

SERIOUS. The presence of pathogens or toxins in the blood

Question 44

Encephalitis

Answer 44

Brain inflammation

Question 45

Encephalomyelitis

Answer 45

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

Question 46

Meningitis

Answer 46

Inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord (meninges)

Question 47

Meningoencephalitis

Answer 47

Inflammation of the brain and membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord (meninges)

Question 48

Myelitis

Answer 48

Inflammation of the spinal cord