Chapter 17- The Enlightenment Flashcards
(46 cards)
Cartesian dualism can best be described as the distinction between
a. truth & untruth b. science & humanities c. mind & matter d. right & wrong
C. Matter & mind
Who first articulated the social usefulness of scientific knowledge
a. Galileo
b. Bacon
c. Kepler
d. Newton
e. Margaret Cavendish
b. Bacon
Descartes & Bayle would agree on the importance of
a. mathematics b. doubt c. empirical research d. believing in God e. constitutional monarchy
a. mathematics
b. doubt
c. empirical research
Madame du Chatelat’s importance in the Enlightenment was due to
a. a salonniere b. a correspondent of Catherine the Great c. a mistress of Voltaire d. a translator of Newton
d. a translator of Newton
Madame du Chatelet
a. believed that women’s limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education
b. was the first woman admitted into the Royal Academy of Sciences
c. was the powerful mistress of Louis XV
d. inspired Jean-Jacques Rosseau’s idea on education and emotion
e. invented the steam engine
a. believed that women’s limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education
Membership at salons was
a. consciously egalitarian
b. open to the public
c. restricted to the wealthy mid-class financiers, high-ranking officials, great aristocrats,
& noteworthy foreigners.
d. open to men only
e. open to women only
c. restricted to the wealthy mid-class financiers, high-ranking officials, great aristocrats,
& noteworthy foreigners.What subject experienced a surge in popularity among the reading public during the
“reading revolution” of the 18th C.?
a. theology
b. science & Enlightenment philosophy
c. history
d. law
e. mysticism
b. science & Enlightenment philosophy
A unique feature of the salons was that
a. clerics were banned
b. presided over by a number of wealthy women
c. they were often sponsored by the government
d. members of the working classes often attended
e. their main purpose was making marriage matches between poor nobles & welathly
commoners.
PHILOSOPHES, NOBLES AND MEMBER OF THE UPPER MIDDLE CLASS INTERMINGLED.
- ____ The concept of the “Reading Revolution” refers to
a. the masses’ acquisition of literacy
b. the spread of literacy among women
c. the invention of the printing press
d. the spread of pornography and scandal mongering broadsheets in Europe
e. the shift from reading out loud and in a communal setting, perceived as authoritative to
reading many different texts rapidly, silently, and individually.
e. the shift from reading out loud and in a communal setting, perceived as authoritative to
reading many different texts rapidly, silently, and individually.
- ____ The most famous salon was that of
a. Madame du Chatelet
b. Madame du Pompdour
c. Julie de Lespinasse
d. Madame Voltaire
e. Madame Geoffrin
e. Madame Geoffrin
Soft pastels, ornate interiors and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of what
painting style?
a. classicalism
b. neoclassicism
c. baroque
d. rococo
e. romanticismd. rococo
What two men were generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method?
a. Johannes Kepler b. Nicholaus Copernicus c. John Locke d. Rene Descartes e. Isaac Newton
d. Rene Descartes
e. Isaac Newton
What law was a key feature of Newton’s system?
a. planetary motion b. universal gravitation c. reciprocity d. constant acceleration e. equivalence of mass and energy
b. universal gravitation
The Enlightenment reached its highest development in France for all of the following
reasons except that
a. French was the international language of the educated classes
b. French scientists and universities were the most preeminent in the scientific revolution
c. In order to get around censors, wrote novels, plays, dictionaries, & encyclopedias
d. French philosophes asked fundamental questions about the meaning of life, God,
human nature, good and evil and causes and effect.
e. French philosophes actively sought to reach a larger audience of elite.
d. French philosophes asked fundamental questions about the meaning of life, God, human nature, good and evil and causes and effect.
Empiricism emphasized
a. the use of deductive reasoning b. reliance on the authority of other scientists c. the use of scientific instruments d. greater reliance on mathematical equations e. the actual observation of phenomena
e. the actual observation of phenomena
Catherine the Great’s efforts at reforms came to a virtual end when
a. the nobles of Russia resisted b. Voltaire publicly criticized her , thus humiliating her c. The peasant rose in the Pudachev revolt d. Prussia declared war on Russia e. She was assassinated by a former lover
c. The peasant rose in the Pudachev revolt
Which was a common practice of Enlightened monarchs?
a. abolition of serfdom b. religious toleration for Jews c. public education d. abolition of torture e. re-establishing legislative assemblies
c. public education
______________’s Persian Letters satirized French society.
a. Voltaire b. Bayle c. Montesquieu d. Locke e. Descartes
c. Montesquieu
Immanuel Kant argued for
a. freedom of the press b. sexual freedom c. equality of men and women d. the morality of slavery e. the viability of direct democracy
a. freedom of the press
Mendelssohn argued that
a. religion and reason were enemies b. the soul did not exist c. religion was the primary cause of man’s misery d. the social order was divinely ordained e. reason could complement and strengthen religion
e. reason could complement and strengthen religion
Joseph II’s conversion of labor obligation to cash payments
a. had the support of the nobles b. transformed a barter economy into cash payments c. was opposed by both nobles and peasants d. was the basis for the future evolution of Austrian society e. followed Russian precedent
c. was opposed by both nobles and peasants
believed that the essence of the Enlightenment was the
courage to use one’s own understanding
a. Kant
b. Voltaire
c. Hume
d. Rosseau
e. Diderot
a. Kant
Enlightenment thinkers developed the idea that race was similiar to
a. class b. creed c. species d. nationality e. religion
c. species
In A Natural History, ______________ argued that humans divided intoseparate species, due largely to climatic conditions.
a. D’Holbach b. Comte de Guffon c. Rousseau d. Hume e. Bacon
b. Comte de Guffon
