Chapter 17 - The Nervous System

Question 1

what are the two parts of the CNS?

Answer 1

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

what are the three parts of the brain?

Answer 2

forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

Question 3

what are the two systems in the PNS?

Answer 3

autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Question 4

what are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 5

which way do sensory neurons send messages?

Answer 5

towards the CNS

Question 6

which way do motor neurons send messages?

Answer 6

away from the CNS

Question 7

def: receive input from sensory neurons and other neurons in the CNS

Answer 7

interneurons

Question 8

def: contains the nucleus and other organelles

Answer 8

cell body

Question 9

def: extensions leading toward the cell body that receive signals from other neurons and send them to the cell body

Answer 9

dendrites

Question 10

def: conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or effectors

Answer 10

axon

Question 11

where is the myelin sheath in the PNS formed?

Answer 11

by Schwann cells

Question 12

what are the gaps between axons called?

Answer 12

nodes of Ranvier

Question 13

does nerve regeneration occur in the CNS?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what does the myelin sheath in the PNS do when an axon is severed?

Answer 14

serves as a passageway for new fibre growth

Question 15

def: cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system

Answer 15

neurons

Question 16

def: support and nourish neurons, maintain homeostasis, form myelin that surrounds neurons, and aid in signal transmission

Answer 16

neuroglia

Question 17

what kind of axons does grey matter in the CNS contain?

Answer 17

short, nonmyelinated axons

Question 18

are axons in white matter in the CNS myelinated?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

what is the charge at resting potential?

Answer 19

-70 mV

Question 20

what is the charge rising up to for depolarization?

Answer 20

35 mV

Question 21

what does the charge fall to during repolarization and hyperpolarization?

Answer 21

-90 mV

Question 22

resting potential shows that the inside of the axon is ______ compared to the outside

Answer 22

negative

Question 23

def: rapid change in polarity across the axonal membrane as the nerve impulse occurs

Answer 23

action potential

Question 24

does the strength of an action potential every change?

Answer 24

no, it simply fires more often

Question 25

where is myelin found in the PNS?

Answer 25

in sensory and motor neurons

Question 26

myelinated axons cause _____ nerve conduction

Answer 26

saltatory

Question 27

where are non-myelinated axons found in the CNS?

Answer 27

in the brain and spinal cord

Question 28

def: protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

Answer 28

meninges

Question 29

what fills the spaces between the meninges?

Answer 29

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 30

def: contains the cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 30

central canal

Question 31

def: centrally located, shaped like the letter H

Answer 31

grey matter in the spinal cord

Question 32

def: contains sensory fibres entering grey matter

Answer 32

dorsal root

Question 33

def: contains motor fibres exiting grey matter

Answer 33

ventral root

Question 34

def: surrounds grey matter

Answer 34

white matter

Question 35

what are the 4 major parts of the brain?

Answer 35

cerebrum diencephalon cerebellum brain stem

Question 36

what are the grooves in the brain called?

Answer 36

sulci

Question 37

what are the 4 different parts of the cerebrum?

Answer 37

frontal lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe

Question 38

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 38

- voluntary movement - motor functions - reasoning and planning - Broca's area

Question 39

what is the Broca's area responsible for?

Answer 39

speech musculature (lips, tongue, larynx)

Question 40

what is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 40

- somatic sensing - taste - processes and analyzes sensory information from skin and muscles

Question 41

what is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 41

- hearing - audio association - Wernicke's area

Question 42

what does Wernicke's area do?

Answer 42

help us understand written and spoken words

Question 43

what is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 43

- associating new visual information with previous information - vision

Question 44

what does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 44

- maintain homeostasis | - regulate hunger, sleep, thirst, body temperature, and water

Question 45

what does the thalamus do?

Answer 45

- receive all sensory input except smell - integrates sense transmissions - higher mental functions (memory, emotions)

Question 46

what does the pineal gland do?

Answer 46

secretes melatonin for sleep

Question 47

what is in the diencephalon?

Answer 47

- hypothalamus - thalamus - pineal gland

Question 48

what is in the cerebrum?

Answer 48

- frontal lobe - parietal lobe - temporal lobe - occipital lobe - central white matter - basal nuclei

Question 49

what is in the cerebellum?

Answer 49

white matter and a thin layer of gray matter

Question 50

what is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 50

maintaining balance and posture | smooth coordinated movements

Question 51

what are the parts of the brain stem?

Answer 51

- midbrain - pons - medulla oblongata - reticular activating system

Question 52

what does the midbrain do?

Answer 52

contains reflex centres for visual, auditory and tactile resposnses

Question 53

what does the pons do?

Answer 53

functions with medulla oblongata to regulate breathing rate

Question 54

what does the medulla oblongata do?

Answer 54

regulates heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure | reflex centres for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping and swallowing