Chapter 17 Vocab Flashcards
(47 cards)
disease
any impaired function of the body with a characteristic set of symptoms
infectious disease
a disease caused by a pathogen (ex. Pneumonia and sexually transmitted diseases)
acute disease
a disease that rapidly impairs the functioning of an organism (ex. Ebola hemorrhagic fever)
chronic disease
a disease that slowly impairs functioning of an organism (ex. heart disease and cancer)
epidemic
a situation in which a pathogen causes a rapid increase in disease
pandemic
an epidemic that occurs over a large geographic region
plague
an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, carried by fleas. Symptoms are swollen glands, black spots, and extreme pain.
malaria
an infectious disease caused by one of the several species of protists in the genus Plasmodium. It has recurrent flulike symptoms.
tuberculosis
a highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily infects the lungs. Symptoms are weakness, night sweats, and coughing up blood.
emergent infectious disease
an infectious disease that has not been previously described or has not been common for at least 20 years
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
a virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ebola hemorrhagic fever
an infectious disease with high death rates, caused by the Ebola virus. Symptoms are fever, vomiting, sometimes internal and external bleeding. Death occurs within 2 weeks
mad cow disease
a disease in which prions mutate into deadly pathogens and slowly damage a cow’s nervous system
prion
a small, beneficial protein that occasionally mutates into a pathogen
swine flu
H1N1; person to person transmission; touching infected surfaces; nose/throat culture; vaccine
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
SOURCE: Caused by a virus that spreads through coughing and sneezing or skin to skin.
SYMPTOMS: Flu-like symptoms.
FACTS: First appeared in chimps.
SOLUTIONS: No treatment currently exists. Spreads very fast.
west nile virus
SOURCE: A virus that lives in hundreds species of birds and is transmitted by mosquitoes.
SYMPTOMS: The virus can be highly letahl to birds, but most of them survive. In humans, it caused inflammation of the brain sometimes leading to death
FACTS: First case reported in Uganda. Reached New York in 1999.
SOLUTIONS: Increased measures to combat mosquito populations and protect against mosquito bites.
lyme disease
SOURCE: Caused by a bacteria that lives in wild deer and mice and is transmitted to humans through ticks.
SYMPTOMS: Arthritis, Heart disease, Nervous disorders.
FACTS: Reduced the population of foxes. Destroys animal habitat.
nuerotoxin
a chemical that disrupts the nervous systems of animals (ex. insecticide, lead, mercury)
zika virus disease
A virus spread by daytime active Aedes mosquitoes. A pregnant mother can pass it to her baby during pregnancy or around the time of birth leading to severe birth defects.
mutagen
carcinogens that cause damage to the genetic material of a cell
teratogen
chemicals that interfere with the normal development of embryos or fetuses
allergen
a chemical that causes allergic reactions
