Chapter 18

Question 1

aerobes

Answer 1

a microorganism which grows in the presence of air or requires oxygen for growth.

Question 2

gram negative

Answer 2

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation

Question 3

oral candidiasis

Answer 3

a fungal infection of the mouth

Question 4

anaerobes

Answer 4

any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth

Question 5

Gram positive

Answer 5

bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test

Question 6

pandemic

Answer 6

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time.

Question 7

bacilli

Answer 7

a rod-shaped bacterium

Question 8

Gram’s stain

Answer 8

a test that checks for bacteria at the site of a suspected infection such as the throat, lungs, genitals, or in skin wounds

Question 9

pathogens

Answer 9

an organism causing disease to its host

Question 10

candida

Answer 10

a fungal infection caused by a yeast

Question 11

Gram variable

Answer 11

those that cannot be grouped as either negative or positive

Question 12

percutaneous

Answer 12

made, done, or effected through the skin

Question 13

chancre

Answer 13

a painless ulcer

Question 14

H1N1

Answer 14

H1N1 influenza, referred to as swine flu

Question 15

Petri plate

Answer 15

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a flat lid, used for the culture of microorganisms.

Question 16

cocci

Answer 16

any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium.

Question 17

herpesvirus

Answer 17

Type 1 (HSV-1) mostly spreads by oral contact and causes infections in or around the mouth (oral herpes or cold sores). It can also cause genital herpes. Most adults are infected with HSV-1. Type 2 (HSV-2) spreads by sexual contact and causes genital herpes

Question 18

prions

Answer 18

pathogenic agents that are transmissible and are able to induce abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins called prion proteins that are found most abundantly in the brain.

Question 19

virulent

Answer 19

extremely severe or harmful in its effects.

Question 20

creutzfeldt-jakob disease

Answer 20

a rare, rapidly worsening brain disorder that causes unique changes in brain tissue and affects muscle coordination thinking, and memory

Question 21

latent

Answer 21

existing in hidden or dormant form

Question 22

protoza

Answer 22

microscopic unicellular eukaryotes that have a relatively complex internal structure and carry out complex metabolic activities

Question 23

viruses

Answer 23

an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.

Question 24

ebola

Answer 24

a rare but severe, often fatal illness in humans

Question 25

microbiology

Answer 25

the study of the biology of microscopic organisms -

Question 26

zika

Answer 26

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus

Question 27

endospores

Answer 27

highly retractile and thick-walled structures formed inside the bacterial cells

Question 28

microcephaly

Answer 28

a condition where a baby's head is much smaller than expected

Question 29

facultative anaerobes

Answer 29

any organism that is able to grow either with or without free oxygen

Question 30

methicllin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

Answer 30

caused by a type of staph bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics

Question 31

fungi

Answer 31

any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

Question 32

nonpathogenic

Answer 32

those that do not cause disease, harm or death to another organism.

Question 33

provirus

Answer 33

the genetic material of a virus as incorporated into, and able to replicate with, the genome of a host cell.

Question 34

spirochetes

Answer 34

a flexible spirally twisted bacterium, especially one that causes syphilis.

Question 35

staphylococci

Answer 35

a bacterium of a genus that includes many pathogenic kinds that cause pus formation, especially in the skin and mucous membranes.

Question 36

streptococci

Answer 36

a bacterium of a genus that includes the agents of souring of milk and dental decay, and hemolytic pathogens causing various infections such as scarlet fever and pneumonia.

Question 37

tyndallization

Answer 37

a form of sterilization that involves boiling the goods to be sterilized in their cans or jars at 100 degrees Centigrade for about 15 to 20 minutes a day, for three days in a row