chapter 18

Question 1

What is taxonomy?

Answer 1

Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into groups based on shared characteristics.

Question 2

Name the three domains of life.

Answer 2

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Question 3

True or False: The kingdom Animalia includes both multicellular and unicellular organisms.

Answer 3

False.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The classification rank above ‘species’ is called _____ .

Answer 4

genus.

Question 5

What is a cladogram?

Answer 5

A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

Question 6

Which kingdom is primarily composed of prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 6

Bacteria.

Question 7

What is the primary characteristic of fungi?

Answer 7

Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment.

Question 8

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a kingdom in the domain Eukarya? A) Animalia B) Plantae C) Archaea D) Fungi

Answer 8

C) Archaea.

Question 9

What is the defining feature of the kingdom Plantae?

Answer 9

Plants are autotrophic and perform photosynthesis.

Question 10

True or False: Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The taxonomic rank below ‘kingdom’ is _____ .

Answer 11

phylum.

Question 12

What does the term ‘phylogeny’ refer to?

Answer 12

Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history and relationships among species.

Question 13

Which kingdom includes organisms that are primarily decomposers?

Answer 13

Fungi.

Question 14

Multiple Choice: Which of the following kingdoms contains multicellular organisms that can move? A) Archaea B) Fungi C) Animalia D) Plantae

Answer 14

C) Animalia.

Question 15

What is the primary method of classification used in modern taxonomy?

Answer 15

The Linnaean system of classification.

Question 16

True or False: All members of the kingdom Animalia are autotrophic.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: In a cladogram, each branch point represents a _____ .

Answer 17

common ancestor.

Question 18

What is the scientific name for humans?

Answer 18

Homo sapiens.

Question 19

Which kingdom is known for having organisms that can live in extreme environments?

Answer 19

Archaea.

Question 20

Multiple Choice: What is the main characteristic of the kingdom Monera? A) Multicellular B) Prokaryotic C) Eukaryotic D) Autotrophic

Answer 20

B) Prokaryotic.

Question 21

What is the role of a taxonomist?

Answer 21

A taxonomist classifies and names organisms based on their characteristics.

Question 22

True or False: Viruses are classified within the three domains of life.

Answer 22

False.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The highest taxonomic rank is _____ .

Answer 23

domain.

Question 24

What is the main difference between Archaea and Bacteria?

Answer 24

Archaea have distinct biochemistry and genetics compared to Bacteria.

Question 25

What type of organisms are included in the kingdom Protista?

Answer 25

Primarily unicellular eukaryotic organisms.

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi? A) Photosynthesis B) Cellulose in cell walls C) Chitin in cell walls D) Multicellular only

Answer 26

C) Chitin in cell walls.

Question 27

What is the function of cladistics in taxonomy?

Answer 27

Cladistics is used to classify organisms based on shared derived characteristics.

Question 28

True or False: The kingdom Plantae can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The process by which organisms are named is called _____ .

Answer 29

nomenclature.

Question 30

What is the primary mode of nutrition for members of the kingdom Animalia?

Answer 30

Heterotrophy.

Question 31

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria? A) Eukaryotic cells B) Cell wall made of peptidoglycan C) Multicellular D) Photosynthetic only

Answer 31

B) Cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

Question 32

What is the significance of the Linnaean hierarchy?

Answer 32

It provides a standardized system for naming and classifying organisms.

Question 33

True or False: All protists are harmful to humans.

Answer 33

False.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The taxonomic rank below 'family' is _____ .

Answer 34

genus.

Question 35

What do you call the study of classification and naming of organisms?

Answer 35

Taxonomy.

Question 36

Which kingdom includes organisms that are primarily autotrophic and have chloroplasts?

Answer 36

Plantae.

Question 37

Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes the kingdom Animalia? A) Unicellular B) Prokaryotic C) Multicellular D) Autotrophic

Answer 37

C) Multicellular.

Question 38

What is the evolutionary significance of a clade?

Answer 38

A clade consists of an ancestor and all its descendants.

Question 39

True or False: Cladograms can be used to predict the traits of future organisms.

Answer 39

True.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The taxonomic rank above 'genus' is _____ .

Answer 40

family.

Question 41

what is an autotroph

Answer 41

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Question 42

Heterotroph

Answer 42

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Question 43

rules of naming species

Answer 43

The species is always written second. The genus and species must be italicized

Question 44

what is the most generic classification

Answer 44

domain

Question 45

where would the most recent species be in a cladograph

Answer 45

at the top of the cladograph