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PHARMACOLOGY 2 > CHAPTER 18 & 19 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 18 & 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that increase the volume of urine excreted.

A

Diuretics

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2
Q

Commonly used for the management of abnormal fluid retention (edema)

A

Diuretics

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3
Q

What percent of the blood plasma is filtered from the glomerular capillaries and is moved into the Bownan Capsule?

A

16-20%

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4
Q

Examples of Low Molecular Weight Plasma Components

A

Glucose
Amino Acids
Sodium Bicarbonate
Organic Solutes ( Electrolytes - Na+, K+, Cl-)

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5
Q

Regulates the Ionic composition and Volume of Urine

A

Kidney

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6
Q

Located in the Cortez of the kidney and it is where the Glucose, Amino acids, and Bicarbonate are reabsorbed.

A

Proximal Convoluted tubule

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7
Q

True or False

3 thirds of Na+ is reabsorbed in the Proximal convoluted tubule.

A

False - Two thirds

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8
Q

Follows passively from Lumen to Blood to maintain Osmolar Equality.

A

Water

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9
Q

Chloride enters the lumen in exchange of what?

A

Anion (Oxalate)

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10
Q

Site of organic acid and Base secretory system

A

Proximal Tubule

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11
Q

Modulates the reabsorption of Bicarbonate

A

Carbonic anhydrase

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12
Q

Most diuretic drugs are delivered to the tubular fluid through this system

A

Organic Acid Secretory System

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13
Q

It is Saturable and is located in the Middle Third of Proximal tubule.

A

Organic Acid Secretory System

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14
Q

Organic Acid Secretory System secretes what?

A

Uric Acid
Antibiotics
Diuretics

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15
Q

True of False

The Osmolality Increases along the Ascending portion of the Loop of Henle.

A

False - Descending

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16
Q

Major site of Salt Reabsorption and is a Diluted region of Nephron.

A

Ascending loop of Henle

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17
Q

Approximately 25-30% of the ___ returns to help maintain High Osmolarity.

A

NaCl-

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18
Q

Transported by Na+/Ca2+ exchanger

A

Calcium Reabsorption

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19
Q

Calcium excretion is regulated by what in the Distal convoluted tubule

A

Parathyroid hormone

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20
Q

Responsible for the Na+, K+, and water transport

A

Principal cell

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21
Q

Affects the H+ secretions

A

Intercalated cell

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22
Q

Increases the synthesis of Na+ channels

A

Aldosterone

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23
Q

Promotes reabsorption of water from the collecting tubule and ducts

A

ADH receptor

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24
Q

Located in the upper and lower segments and is responsible for the secretions of Creatinine and Choline

A

Organic Base secretory system

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25
First orally active diuretics capable of affecting severe edema often seen in Hepatic Cirrhosis.
Chlorothiazide
26
More potent and required dose lower than Chlorothiazide and it's effect is comparable to the parent drug
Hydrochlorothiazide
27
What are the 3 Thiazide-like diuretics?
Metolazone Indapamide Chlorthalidone
28
True or False Thiazide-like diuretics (MIC). contains Sulfonamide residue and are not truly Thiazides.
True
29
Acts mainly on the Ascending loop of Henle and Distal convoluted tubule.
Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics
30
Efficacy of these agents (Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics) may be diminished by concomitant use of ____ which inhibits production of Renal Prostaglandins.
NSAIDs (Indomethacin)
31
Causes Diuresis - which causes excretion of Very Hyperosmolar (concentrated) urine
Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics
32
It increases Na+ resulting in the continual loss of K+
Thiazide
33
Should be measured periodically to monitor Hypokalemia
Serum K+
34
Occurs with chronic use of Thiazide diuretics particularly in Elderly patients.
Magnesium deficiency
35
Preserves Bone Mineral Density at the Hip and Spine
Thiazide
36
Mainstay of the Antihypertensive medication
Thiazides
37
Diuretics of choice in reducing the Extracellular volume in Heart Failure
Loop Diuretics
38
If Loop diuretics are given in combination, Thiazide should be administered ______ prior to Loop diuretics.
30 mins
39
Useful in the treatment of Idiopathic Hypercalciuria, Beneficial to patients with Calcium Oxalate Stones
Thiazide
40
Can substitute ADH in treatment of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and urine may drop from 11 L/d to 3L/d
Thiazides
41
Most frequent problem of Thiazide
Hypokalemia
42
May predispose patients taking Digoxin to Ventricular arrhythmia
Thiazide diuretics
43
Potassium deficiency can be overcome by ___.
Spironolactone
44
Potassium deficiency can be overcome by administering _________ or ______ which acts to retain Potassium.
Triamterene Amiloride
45
Blunts the potassium depletion caused by Thiazide diuretics
Low Fat Diet
46
Developed due to elevated ADH result of Hypovolemia and increased thirst
Hyponatremia
47
Lack thiazide structure but have unsubstituted sulfonamide group
Thiazide-like diuretics
48
Behaves like Hydrochlorothiazide and used once daily to treat hypotension.
Chlorthalidone
49
More potent than thiazides and causes Na+ excretion even in advanced renal failure
Metolazone
50
Lipid soluble non-thiazide and is less likely to accommodate patient with Renal failure
Indapamide
51
Have a major diuretic action in the Ascending limb of the loop of Henle and have the highest efficacy in mobilizing Na+ and Cl-. They also produce copious amounts of urine
Loop diuretics
52
Most commonly used Loop diuretics
Furosemide
53
More potent than Furosemide and use of these drugs are increasing
Bumetanide Torsemide
54
Used infrequently due to its adverse effects profile
Ethacrynic acid
55
DOC for reducing acute pulmonary edema or Acute/Chronic peripheral edema
Loop diuretics
56
Duration of action is brief (2-4 hours) allow patients to predict window of diuresis
Loop diuretics
57
Reversible or permanent hearing loss may occur when used in conjunction of what?
Ototoxic drugs (Aminoglycoside antibiotics)
58
Most likely to cause deafness
Ethacrynic acid
59
Loss of K+ in exchange of H+ leads to what?
Hypokalemic alkalosis
60
Chronic use of Loop diuretics combined with low dietary intake of Mg2+ leads to what?
Hypomagnesemia
61
Acts in collecting tubules to inhibit Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion. Should be avoided in patients with renal dysfunction because of High risk of Hyperkalemia.
Potassium Sparring Diuretics
62
2 Distinct MOA of PSD
Aldosterone antagonist Sodium channel blocker
63
Diuretics of choice for Hepatic Cirrhosis
Spironolactone
64
Effective in situations associated with Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone
65
True or False Resistant HTN responds well in Aldosterone Antagonist
True
66
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Addison Disease
67
Common complication of Hepatitis Cirrhosis
Ascites
68
Effective in Ascites
Spironolactone
69
Used off-label for treatment of PCOS
Spironolactone
70
Resembles sex steroids
Spironolactone
71
S/E of triamterene
Potassium retention Increase Uric acid Renal stones
72
Often used for their pharmacologic effect and is much less efficacious than thiazide or loop diuretics.
Acetazolamide
73
Retained in the lumen with marked elevation in urinary pH.
Bicarbonate
74
Decrease production of aqueous humor
Acetazolamide
75
Topical Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Dorzolamide Brinzolamide
76
Can be used in prophylaxis of Acute Mountain Sickness
acetazolamide
77
Number of simple, hydrophilic chemical substance such as;
Mannitol Urea
78
Mainstay treatment for patients with High Intracranial pressure or Acute Renal Failure due to shock or trauma.
Osmotic diuretics
79
True or False Mannitol should be given through IV as it is not absorbed orally
True

PHARMACOLOGY 2 (2 decks)

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