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Social Studies 8W > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Someone who sets up new businesses to make a profit

A

Enterpeneur

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2
Q

Products are made as they move along a belt

A

Assembly Line

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3
Q

A document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention

A

Patent

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4
Q

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

A

Trust

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5
Q

Company that controls most or all business in a particular industry

A

Monopoly

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6
Q

Business owned by many investors

A

Corporation

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7
Q

Unions negotiate with management for workers as a group

A

Collective Bargaining

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8
Q

The belief that the rich had a duty to improve society

A

Gospel of Wealth

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9
Q

Place where workers worked long hours under poor conditions for little pay

A

Sweatshop

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10
Q

Buildings divided into tiny apartments

A

Tenement

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11
Q

Living areas on the outskirts of the city

A

Suburb

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12
Q

The rapid growth of city population

A

Urbanization

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13
Q

The process of becoming a part of another culture

A

Assimilation

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14
Q

Part of the city where the poor lived

A

Slum

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15
Q

Large compartments that usually held cattle also area of ships where immigrants traveled in

A

Steerage

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16
Q

Person who wanted to preserve the United States for native born Americans

A

Nativist

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17
Q

The requirement that children must attend school up to a certain age

A

Compulsory Education

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18
Q

Writers who try to show life as it is

A

Realist

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19
Q

The turn of the 20th century was the changing of which centuries?

A

19th and 20th

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20
Q

A sensational reporting style of the newspapers at that time

A

Yellow Journalism

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21
Q

A person who opposes all forms of government

A

Anarchist

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22
Q

List 3 natural resources that helped fuel industrial expansion at the turn of the 20th century

A

Coal
Iron
Copper

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23
Q

How did high tariffs help American businesses?

A

Tariffs raised the price of foreign goods and made lower priced American goods more attractive to customers

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24
Q

What is the name of the process invented in the 1850’s that made the stronger steel at a lower cost?

A

Bessemer Process

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25
According to their defenders, how did trusts benefit the economy?
Trusts allowed companies to lower prices
26
What invention improved communication in the late 1800's?
Telephone
27
What was the most important effect of Henry Ford's method of automobile production?
Millions of Americans could now afford automobiles
28
Describe 3 feelings about trust held by those who criticized trusts
- Business leaders were "Robber Barrens" - Trusts threatened free enterprise - Trusts unfairly eliminated competition
29
How did the railroad industry fueled industrial growth?
They carried people west and raw materials east
30
What was John D. Rockefeller best known for?
Oil
31
What was J.P. Morgan best known for?
Banking
32
List 3 examples of how the national government encouraged growth
- Land Grants - Subsidies - Tariffs on imports
33
What two energy sources led to many new inventions?
- Oil | - Electricity
34
Describe 3 things Jane Addams did as a reformer
- Helped the homeless - Opened settlement houses - Set up hospitals and clinics
35
What type of power did electricity replace
Steam
36
Name a group of Americans that did not benefit much economically as business owners?
Employees
37
List 3 problems of city life in the 1800's
- The risk of fire - Overcrowded Tenements - Poor sanitation
38
Name 3 problems that led workers to form labor organizations
- Low wages - Unsafe working conditions - Use of child labor
39
What theory of Charles Darwin's was "Social Darwinism" based on?
Theory of Natural Selection
40
Give a reason used by Social Darwinists to justify low pay and harsh conditions for factory workers
Conditions were necessary to cut costs
41
What caused public opinion to turn against labor unions in 1886?
Violence
42
List 3 departments that cities created to improve city life
- Fire - Sanitation - Police
43
List 3 examples of services provided at settlement houses
- Teaching English to immigrants - Sponsoring music and sports for young people - Providing nurseries for children of working mothers
44
List 3 goals of early labor unions
- Making working conditions safer - Increasing wages - Making workdays shorter
45
Where did most new immigrants to the U.S. settle between 1860-1890?
Cities
46
List 3 inventions that contributed to the growth of cities in the late 1800's
- Subway - Elevated Train - Electric Streetcar
47
Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in what industry?
Steel
48
Name the most popular professional sport in the late 1800's
Baseball
49
What new reading habits developed in the late 1800's?
More people began reading newspapers, books, and magazines
50
List 3 conditions in Europe that pushed some European immigrants to leave their home countries and got to the United States
- Wars - Religious Persecution - Scarce Land
51
Why were "trained" workers more valuable than "untrained" workers?
Trained workers were more difficult to replace
52
What had the strongest effect on the growth of public education after the Civil War?
Compulsory education laws
53
Give a reason why an immigrant arriving at Ellis Island in New York could be returned home
Handicapped, or seriously ill
54
How did the assembly line lower the cost of automobile production?
Cut the time to produce a car in half
55
Give 3 reasons why the New York World was popular
- Comics - Sensational Headlines - Low Cost
56
What was the feeling a Nativist had about immigrants and jobs?
Immigrants steal jobs from those born in the U.S.
57
How did the Industrial Revolution change where people lived?
More people lived in cities
58
Where were most Asian immigrants processed?
Angel Island
59
What was a main theme found in realist writing in the late 1800's?
The harsh life of the poor
60
Where were most European immigrants processed?
Ellis Island
61
What was an "ethnic neighborhood"?
Neighborhoods were people from the same country settled
62
What event is credited with making Chicago well known for its architecture?
The Great Chicago Fire
63
What were the "Three R's" for education at the turn of the 20th century?
Reading Writing Arithmetic
64
Why did immigrant children assimilate more rapidly than adults?
By being surrounded by English speakers they learned more quickly
65
What turn of the 20th century writer was known for his "rags to riches" stories?
Horatio Alger
66
List 3 example of businesses where children worked
- Tobacco factories - Coal mines - Garment Sweatshops
67
What was the fondest dream of many immigrants?
To have their children receive an education
68
Who was the most popular writer at the turn of the 20th century?
Mark Twain
69
How did the laws in New York and other states change after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
States approved safety laws to help protect factory workers
70
What part of Europe did most immigrants come from in the late 1800's?
Southern and Eastern
71
Why were Department stores popular at the turn of the century?
They offered a variety of goods in different departments of the same store
72
How were immigrants able to advance economically?
Through hard work and saving
73
As learning became available to more people what did people do more of?
They began to read more books and magazines
74
What did "nativists" want to preserve?
To preserve the United states for native born Americans
75
Why did states improves public schools as industry grew?
People realized that the country needed an educated workforce
76
Why would people in cities need newspapers to stay informed?
It was harder to share news face to face
77
How did Congress in 1917 keep poor immigrants from coming to the United States?
Passed a law barring any immigrant who could not read their own language
78
Why were southern states more reluctant to pass compulsory education laws?
They did not want African American children to attend schools
79
By 1900 how many newspapers in the world were printed in the US?
1/2
80
When did congress finally ease restrictions on immigration?
In the 1960's
81
By what year did all states require children to be in school?
1918
82
How many kids went to school before 1870?
Fewer than half
83
What did Joseph Pulitzer create that was the first of its kind?
The first mass circulation newspaper
84
What did poems and stories in early textbooks teach other than reading?
Moral values and the Christian Religion

Social Studies 8W (7 decks)

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