Chapter 18 - Cognitive/Sensory Flashcards
The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), formerly the American Association on Cognitive Impairment, classifies cognitive impairment based on what parameter?
a. Age of onset
b. Subaverage intelligence
c. Adaptive skill domains
d. Causative factors for cognitive impairment
c. Adaptive skill domains
Secondary prevention for cognitive impairment includes what activity?
a. Genetic counseling
b. Avoidance of prenatal rubella infection
c. Preschool education and counseling services
d. Newborn screening for treatable inborn errors of metabolism
d. Newborn screening for treatable inborn errors of metabolism
What is a primary goal in caring for a child with cognitive impairment?
a. Developing vocational skills
b. Promoting optimum development
c. Finding appropriate out-of-home care
d. Helping child and family adjust to future care
b. Promoting optimum development
One of the techniques that has been especially useful for learners having cognitive impairment is called fading. What description best explains this technique?
a. Positive reinforcement when tasks or behaviors are mastered
b. Repeated verbal explanations until tasks are faded into the childs development
c. Negative reinforcement for specific tasks or behaviors that need to be faded out
d. Gradually reduces the assistance given to the child so the child becomes more independent
d. Gradually reduces the assistance given to the child so the child becomes more independent
The parents of a child with cognitive impairment ask the nurse for guidance with discipline. What should the nurses recommendation be based on?
a. Discipline is ineffective with cognitively impaired children.
b. Cognitively impaired children do not require discipline.
c. Behavior modification is an excellent form of discipline.
d. Physical punishment is the most appropriate form of discipline.
c. Behavior modification is an excellent form of discipline.
What intervention is most appropriate to facilitate social development of a child with a cognitive impairment?
a. Provide age-appropriate toys and play activities.
b. Avoid exposure to strangers who may not understand cognitive development.
c. Provide peer experiences, such as infant stimulation and preschool programs.
d. Emphasize mastery of physical skills because they are delayed more often than verbal skills.
c. Provide peer experiences, such as infant stimulation and preschool programs.
The nurse is discussing sexuality with the parents of an adolescent girl who has a moderate cognitive impairment. What factor should the nurse consider when dealing with this issue?
a. Sterilization is recommended for any adolescent with cognitive impairment.
b. Sexual drive and interest are very limited in individuals with cognitive impairment.
c. Individuals with cognitive impairment need a well-defined, concrete code of sexual conduct.
d. Sexual intercourse rarely occurs unless the individual with cognitive impairment is sexually abused.
c. Individuals with cognitive impairment need a well-defined, concrete code of sexual conduct.
he mother of a young child with cognitive impairment asks for suggestions about how to teach her child to use a spoon for eating. The nurse should make which recommendation?
a. Do a task analysis first.
b. Do not expect this task to be learned.
c. Continue to spoon feed the child until the child tries to do it alone.
d. Offer only finger foods so spoon feeding is unnecessary.
a. Do a task analysis first.
A newborn assessment shows a separated sagittal suture, oblique palpebral fissures, a depressed nasal bridge, a protruding tongue, and transverse palmar creases. These findings are most suggestive of which condition?
a. Microcephaly
b. Cerebral palsy
c. Down syndrome
d. Fragile X syndrome
c. Down syndrome
A 2-week-old infant with Down syndrome is being seen in the clinic. His mother tells the nurse that he is difficult to hold, that hes like a rag doll. He doesnt cuddle up to me like my other babies did. What is the nurses best interpretation of this lack of clinging or molding?
a. Sign of detachment and rejection
b. Indicative of maternal deprivation
c. A physical characteristic of Down syndrome
d. Suggestive of autism associated with Down syndrome
c. A physical characteristic of Down syndrome
Many of the clinical features of Down syndrome present challenges to caregivers. Based on these features, what intervention should be included in the childs care?
a. Delay feeding solid foods until the tongue thrust has stopped.
b. Modify the diet as necessary to minimize the diarrhea that often occurs.
c. Provide calories appropriate to the childs mental age.
d. Use a cool-mist vaporizer to keep the mucous membranes moist and secretions liquefied
d. Use a cool-mist vaporizer to keep the mucous membranes moist and secretions liquefied
What description applies to fragile X syndrome?
a. Chromosomal defect affecting only females
b. Second most common genetic cause of cognitive impairment
c. Most common cause of uninherited cognitive impairment
d. Chromosomal defect that follows the pattern of X-linked recessive disorders
b. Second most common genetic cause of cognitive impairment
The nurse should suspect a hearing impairment in an infant who fails to demonstrate which behavior?
a. Babbling by age 12 months
b. Eye contact when being spoken to
c. Startle or blink reflex to sound
d. Gesturing to indicate wants after age 15 months
a. Babbling by age 12 months
The nurse is talking with a 10-year-old boy who wears bilateral hearing aids. The left hearing aid is making an annoying whistling sound that the child cannot hear. What intervention is the most appropriate nursing action?
a. Ignore the sound.
b. Suggest he reinsert the hearing aid.
c. Ask him to reverse the hearing aids in his ears.
d. Suggest he raise the volume of the hearing aid.
b. Suggest he reinsert the hearing aid.
What technique facilitates lip reading by a hearing-impaired child?
a. Speak at an even rate.
b. Avoid using facial expressions.
c. Exaggerate pronunciation of words.
d. Repeat in exactly the same way if child does not understand.
a. Speak at an even rate.
