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Dental Hygiene Exam 2 Chapter 18 > Chapter 18 Dental Hygiene > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Dental Hygiene Flashcards

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1
Q

The part of the tooth above the attached periodontal tissues

A

Clinical crown

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2
Q

The part of the tooth below the base of the gingival sulcus or the periodontal pocket

A

Clinical root

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3
Q

The part of the tooth covered by enamel

A

Anatomic crown

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4
Q

The part of the tooth covered by cementum

A

Anatomic root

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5
Q

Lining of the oral cavity is the mucous membrane composed of connective tissue covered with stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oral mucosa

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6
Q

The 3 divisions of oral mucosa:

A

Masticatory mucosa, lining mucosa, specialized mucosa

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7
Q

Covers the gingiva and hard palate, areas used during mastication. It is firmly attached and the epithelial covering is generally keratinized

A

Masticatory mucosa

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8
Q

Covers inner surfaces of lips and cheeks, floor of the mouth, under the tongue, soft palate, and alveolar mucosa. Not firmly attached to underlying tissue and the epithelial covering is not generally keratinized

A

Lining mucosa

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9
Q

Covers dorsum of tongue, is composed of many papillae, and some contain taste buds

A

Specialized mucosa

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10
Q

Threadlike keratinized elevations cover the dorsal surface of the tongue (most numerous)

A

Filiform

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11
Q

Mushroom shaped interspersed among the filiform on the tip and sides of tongue. They appear redder than filiform and contain taste buds

A

Fungiform

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12
Q

10-14 large round papillae arranged in a “v” between the body of the tongue and the base. Taste buds line the walls

A

Circumvallate

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13
Q

Vertical grooves on the lateral posterior sides of the tongue. Also contains taste buds

A

Foliate

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14
Q

The functional tissue that surrounds and supports the tooth

A

Periodontium

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15
Q

The 4 parts of the periodontium :

A

Gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, bone

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16
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and attaches the roots of teeth to the alveolar bone. Located in between the cementum and the alveolar bone, composed of connective tissue cells and intercellular substance

A

Periodontal ligament

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17
Q

The gingival fiber groups:

A

Dentogingival fibers, alveologingival fibers, circumferential fibers, dentoperiosteal fibers,
transceptal fibers

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18
Q

Form the cementum in the cervical region into the free gingival to give support to the gingiva

A

Dentogingival fibers (free gingival)

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19
Q

From the alveolar crest into the free and attached gingiva to provide support

A

Albeologingival fibers (attached gingival)

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20
Q

Continues around the neck of the tooth to help maintain tooth position

A

Circumferential fibers (circular)

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21
Q

From the cementum over the alveolar crest to blend fibers of the periosteum of the bone

A

Dentoperiosteal fibers (alveolar crest)

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22
Q

From the cervical area of one tooth to an adjacent tooth

A

Transceptal fibers

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23
Q

Principal fiber groups:

A

Apical, oblique, horizontal, alveolar crest, interradicular

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24
Q

From the root to the adjacent bone to resist vertical forces

A

Apical fibers

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25
From the root above the apical fibers obliquely toward the occlusal to resist vertical and unexpected forces
Oblique fibers
26
From the cementum in the middle of each root to the alveolar bone to resist tipping of the tooth
Horizontal fibers
27
From the alveolar crest to the cementum just below the CEJ
Alveolar crest fibers
28
From cementum between roots of multi-rooted teeth to adjacent bone to resist vertical and lateral forces
Interradicular fiber
29
Thin layer of calcified connective tissue (CT) that covers the tooth from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to, and around, the apical foramen
Cementum
30
Functions of cementum:
To seal tubules of dentin and to provide attachment for periodontal fiber groups
31
Consists of lamina dura that surrounds tooth socket and supporting bone. When teeth are lost this resorbs. It’s function is support of teeth and provide attachment for the PDL fibers
Alveolar bone
32
Part of the masticatory mucosa that surrounds necks of the teeth and is attached to the teeth and the alveolar bone
Gingiva
33
3 types of gingiva:
Free, attached, and interdental
34
Closely adapted around each tooth. It connects to the attached gingiva at the free gingival groove and attached at the coronal portion of the junctional epithelium
Free gingiva
35
Shallow linear groove demarcates the free from the attached gingival. It runs parallel and about 0.5 to 1.5 mm from the gingival margin and is approximately at the level of the bottom of the sulcus
Free gingival groove
36
Covers the free gingiva from gingival groove over gingival margin and is made from keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Oral epithelium
37
Edge of gingiva nearest the incisal or occlusal surface and marks the opening of the gingival sulcus
Gingival margin
38
Where is the gingival sulcus located?
The crevice or groove between free gingiva and the tooth
39
Inner boundary
Tooth surface
40
Outer boundary
Sulcular epithelium
41
Base boundary
Coronal margin of attached tissues
42
The continuation of the oral epithelium covering the free gingiva
Sulcular epithelium
43
How deep is a healthy sulcus?
0.5mm | Average= 1.8mm
44
Serum like fluid seeps from connective tissue through epithelial lining of sulcus and increases with inflammation
Gingival sulcus fluid
45
Cuff like band of stratified squamous epithelium continues with the sulcular epithelium and encircles tooth, is triangular in cross section( narrows at apical end), is not keratinized
Junctional epithelium
46
What is the size of junctional epithelium?
May be 15-20 cells in thickness where it joins he sulcular epithelium and tapers down to 1-2 at the apex
47
As a tooth erupts where is the junctional epithelium?
On enamel and during eruption it migrated toward CEJ
48
Where is the junctional epithelium when a tooth is at full eruption?
Firmly attached to cementum
49
Where is the junctional epithelium with wear of the tooth?
Migrated along the root surface
50
What does the junctional epithelium do?
Provides a seal at the base of the sulcus
51
Where is interdental gingiva?
The interproximal area between 2 teeth, also called embrasure
52
The shape of interdental gingiva :
Varies with overlapping of the teeth Between anterior teeth- pointed Between posterior teeth- flatter
53
Depression between lingual or palatal and facial papilla that conforms to the proximal contact area. Most perio begins here
Col
54
Continuous with oral epithelium of the free gingiva and is covered with keratinized gingiva
Attached gingiva
55
Firmly bound to cementum and alveolar bone
Attached gingiva
56
How is attached gingiva shaped?
Follows depressions between eminences of the roots of the teeth
57
The line that marks the connective tissue between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa. Scalloped in the anterior and fairly straight posterior to the premolars
Mucogingival junction
58
Where is the mucogingival junction?
On the facial surface of all quadrants and on the lingual surface of the mandibular arch
59
Movable tissue loosely attached to underlying bone. It has a smooth shiny surface and is non keratinized. Vessels can be seen through epithelium
Alveolar mucosa
60
Narrow fold of mucous membrane that passes from a more fixed to a movable part
Frena
61
Where are frenum located?
Max and mand anterior are at midlines Lingual are from under surface of the tongue Buccal are in canine premolar area
62
The clinical exam steps:
``` Gingival tissue changes Bleeding and exudates Adequate attached gingiva Probing depths Furcation involvement Biofilm and calculus present Mobility of teeth Radiographic evidence ```
63
Bleeding gingiva, drooling, sensitivity to hot and cold, tenderness, discomfort while eating, pain after eating, food retention between teeth, mouth odor, bad taste, feeling teeth are loose
Signs and symptoms
64
Clinically normal:
Shade of pale pink, knife edged margin, stippling, firmness, and minimal sulcus depth with no bleeding when probed
65
Is expressed light moderate or severe
Severity
66
Gingiva is involved only about a single tooth or a specific group of teeth
Localized
67
Involved about all or nearly all the teeth
Generalized
68
Confined to the free or marginal gingiva
Marginal
69
Involves papilla but not the rest of free gingiva around tooth
Papillary
70
Spread out or dispersed
Diffuse
71
Factors that influence color of gums
Vascular supply, thickness of epithelium, degree keratinized, physiologic pigmentation
72
Chronic inflammation, dark red, bluish red, magenta, or deep blue. Acute inflammation bright red
Changes in disease for gingival examination color
73
Free gingival and papillae become enlarged. May be localized or generalized. The col deepened and the papilla increase in size
Changes of disease gingival examination size
74
Free gingiva follows curved line around each tooth. Margin is knife edged or slightly rounded. Papilla is pointed and slightly rounded but with spaced teeth is flat
Signs of health
75
Free gingiva is rounded or rolled, papilla is blunted, flattened, bulbous, cratered, Festoon-an enlargement of marginal gingiva, clefts, and floss cleft
Changes in disease shape
76
An enlargement of marginal gingiva with formation of a lifesaver like gingival appearance
McCall’s Festoon
77
Localized recession may be “V” shaped
Stillman’s Cleft
78
Created by incorrect floss positioning. Can also be “V” shaped
Floss cleft
79
Tissue may be fibrotic
Chronic disease
80
May result in leathery hard surface
Hyperkeratosis
81
The exposure of root surface that results from apical migration of the junctional epithelium
Recession
82
Recession from the CEJ junction to the attachment
Actual recession
83
Recession from the gingival margin to the CEJ
Visible recession
84
Mouth that has no exudates
Healthy

Dental Hygiene Exam 2 Chapter 18 (1 decks)

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