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Dental Hygiene Exam 2 Chapter 18 > Chapter 18 Dental Hygiene > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Dental Hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

The part of the tooth above the attached periodontal tissues

A

Clinical crown

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2
Q

The part of the tooth below the base of the gingival sulcus or the periodontal pocket

A

Clinical root

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3
Q

The part of the tooth covered by enamel

A

Anatomic crown

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4
Q

The part of the tooth covered by cementum

A

Anatomic root

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5
Q

Lining of the oral cavity is the mucous membrane composed of connective tissue covered with stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oral mucosa

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6
Q

The 3 divisions of oral mucosa:

A

Masticatory mucosa, lining mucosa, specialized mucosa

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7
Q

Covers the gingiva and hard palate, areas used during mastication. It is firmly attached and the epithelial covering is generally keratinized

A

Masticatory mucosa

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8
Q

Covers inner surfaces of lips and cheeks, floor of the mouth, under the tongue, soft palate, and alveolar mucosa. Not firmly attached to underlying tissue and the epithelial covering is not generally keratinized

A

Lining mucosa

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9
Q

Covers dorsum of tongue, is composed of many papillae, and some contain taste buds

A

Specialized mucosa

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10
Q

Threadlike keratinized elevations cover the dorsal surface of the tongue (most numerous)

A

Filiform

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11
Q

Mushroom shaped interspersed among the filiform on the tip and sides of tongue. They appear redder than filiform and contain taste buds

A

Fungiform

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12
Q

10-14 large round papillae arranged in a “v” between the body of the tongue and the base. Taste buds line the walls

A

Circumvallate

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13
Q

Vertical grooves on the lateral posterior sides of the tongue. Also contains taste buds

A

Foliate

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14
Q

The functional tissue that surrounds and supports the tooth

A

Periodontium

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15
Q

The 4 parts of the periodontium :

A

Gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, bone

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16
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and attaches the roots of teeth to the alveolar bone. Located in between the cementum and the alveolar bone, composed of connective tissue cells and intercellular substance

A

Periodontal ligament

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17
Q

The gingival fiber groups:

A

Dentogingival fibers, alveologingival fibers, circumferential fibers, dentoperiosteal fibers,
transceptal fibers

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18
Q

Form the cementum in the cervical region into the free gingival to give support to the gingiva

A

Dentogingival fibers (free gingival)

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19
Q

From the alveolar crest into the free and attached gingiva to provide support

A

Albeologingival fibers (attached gingival)

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20
Q

Continues around the neck of the tooth to help maintain tooth position

A

Circumferential fibers (circular)

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21
Q

From the cementum over the alveolar crest to blend fibers of the periosteum of the bone

A

Dentoperiosteal fibers (alveolar crest)

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22
Q

From the cervical area of one tooth to an adjacent tooth

A

Transceptal fibers

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23
Q

Principal fiber groups:

A

Apical, oblique, horizontal, alveolar crest, interradicular

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24
Q

From the root to the adjacent bone to resist vertical forces

A

Apical fibers

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25
Q

From the root above the apical fibers obliquely toward the occlusal to resist vertical and unexpected forces

A

Oblique fibers

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26
Q

From the cementum in the middle of each root to the alveolar bone to resist tipping of the tooth

A

Horizontal fibers

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27
Q

From the alveolar crest to the cementum just below the CEJ

A

Alveolar crest fibers

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28
Q

From cementum between roots of multi-rooted teeth to adjacent bone to resist vertical and lateral forces

A

Interradicular fiber

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29
Q

Thin layer of calcified connective tissue (CT) that covers the tooth from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to, and around, the apical foramen

A

Cementum

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30
Q

Functions of cementum:

A

To seal tubules of dentin and to provide attachment for periodontal fiber groups

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31
Q

Consists of lamina dura that surrounds tooth socket and supporting bone. When teeth are lost this resorbs. It’s function is support of teeth and provide attachment for the PDL fibers

A

Alveolar bone

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32
Q

Part of the masticatory mucosa that surrounds necks of the teeth and is attached to the teeth and the alveolar bone

A

Gingiva

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33
Q

3 types of gingiva:

A

Free, attached, and interdental

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34
Q

Closely adapted around each tooth. It connects to the attached gingiva at the free gingival groove and attached at the coronal portion of the junctional epithelium

A

Free gingiva

35
Q

Shallow linear groove demarcates the free from the attached gingival. It runs parallel and about 0.5 to 1.5 mm from the gingival margin and is approximately at the level of the bottom of the sulcus

A

Free gingival groove

36
Q

Covers the free gingiva from gingival groove over gingival margin and is made from keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oral epithelium

37
Q

Edge of gingiva nearest the incisal or occlusal surface and marks the opening of the gingival sulcus

A

Gingival margin

38
Q

Where is the gingival sulcus located?

A

The crevice or groove between free gingiva and the tooth

39
Q

Inner boundary

A

Tooth surface

40
Q

Outer boundary

A

Sulcular epithelium

41
Q

Base boundary

A

Coronal margin of attached tissues

42
Q

The continuation of the oral epithelium covering the free gingiva

A

Sulcular epithelium

43
Q

How deep is a healthy sulcus?

A

0.5mm

Average= 1.8mm

44
Q

Serum like fluid seeps from connective tissue through epithelial lining of sulcus and increases with inflammation

A

Gingival sulcus fluid

45
Q

Cuff like band of stratified squamous epithelium continues with the sulcular epithelium and encircles tooth, is triangular in cross section( narrows at apical end), is not keratinized

A

Junctional epithelium

46
Q

What is the size of junctional epithelium?

A

May be 15-20 cells in thickness where it joins he sulcular epithelium and tapers down to 1-2 at the apex

47
Q

As a tooth erupts where is the junctional epithelium?

A

On enamel and during eruption it migrated toward CEJ

48
Q

Where is the junctional epithelium when a tooth is at full eruption?

A

Firmly attached to cementum

49
Q

Where is the junctional epithelium with wear of the tooth?

A

Migrated along the root surface

50
Q

What does the junctional epithelium do?

A

Provides a seal at the base of the sulcus

51
Q

Where is interdental gingiva?

A

The interproximal area between 2 teeth, also called embrasure

52
Q

The shape of interdental gingiva :

A

Varies with overlapping of the teeth
Between anterior teeth- pointed
Between posterior teeth- flatter

53
Q

Depression between lingual or palatal and facial papilla that conforms to the proximal contact area. Most perio begins here

A

Col

54
Q

Continuous with oral epithelium of the free gingiva and is covered with keratinized gingiva

A

Attached gingiva

55
Q

Firmly bound to cementum and alveolar bone

A

Attached gingiva

56
Q

How is attached gingiva shaped?

A

Follows depressions between eminences of the roots of the teeth

57
Q

The line that marks the connective tissue between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa. Scalloped in the anterior and fairly straight posterior to the premolars

A

Mucogingival junction

58
Q

Where is the mucogingival junction?

A

On the facial surface of all quadrants and on the lingual surface of the mandibular arch

59
Q

Movable tissue loosely attached to underlying bone. It has a smooth shiny surface and is non keratinized. Vessels can be seen through epithelium

A

Alveolar mucosa

60
Q

Narrow fold of mucous membrane that passes from a more fixed to a movable part

A

Frena

61
Q

Where are frenum located?

A

Max and mand anterior are at midlines
Lingual are from under surface of the tongue
Buccal are in canine premolar area

62
Q

The clinical exam steps:

A 
Gingival tissue changes
Bleeding and exudates
Adequate attached gingiva 
Probing depths 
Furcation involvement 
Biofilm and calculus present 
Mobility of teeth 
Radiographic evidence
63
Q

Bleeding gingiva, drooling, sensitivity to hot and cold, tenderness, discomfort while eating, pain after eating, food retention between teeth, mouth odor, bad taste, feeling teeth are loose

A

Signs and symptoms

64
Q

Clinically normal:

A

Shade of pale pink, knife edged margin, stippling, firmness, and minimal sulcus depth with no bleeding when probed

65
Q

Is expressed light moderate or severe

A

Severity

66
Q

Gingiva is involved only about a single tooth or a specific group of teeth

A

Localized

67
Q

Involved about all or nearly all the teeth

A

Generalized

68
Q

Confined to the free or marginal gingiva

A

Marginal

69
Q

Involves papilla but not the rest of free gingiva around tooth

A

Papillary

70
Q

Spread out or dispersed

A

Diffuse

71
Q

Factors that influence color of gums

A

Vascular supply, thickness of epithelium, degree keratinized, physiologic pigmentation

72
Q

Chronic inflammation, dark red, bluish red, magenta, or deep blue. Acute inflammation bright red

A

Changes in disease for gingival examination color

73
Q

Free gingival and papillae become enlarged. May be localized or generalized. The col deepened and the papilla increase in size

A

Changes of disease gingival examination size

74
Q

Free gingiva follows curved line around each tooth. Margin is knife edged or slightly rounded. Papilla is pointed and slightly rounded but with spaced teeth is flat

A

Signs of health

75
Q

Free gingiva is rounded or rolled, papilla is blunted, flattened, bulbous, cratered, Festoon-an enlargement of marginal gingiva, clefts, and floss cleft

A

Changes in disease shape

76
Q

An enlargement of marginal gingiva with formation of a lifesaver like gingival appearance

A

McCall’s Festoon

77
Q

Localized recession may be “V” shaped

A

Stillman’s Cleft

78
Q

Created by incorrect floss positioning. Can also be “V” shaped

A

Floss cleft

79
Q

Tissue may be fibrotic

A

Chronic disease

80
Q

May result in leathery hard surface

A

Hyperkeratosis

81
Q

The exposure of root surface that results from apical migration of the junctional epithelium

A

Recession

82
Q

Recession from the CEJ junction to the attachment

A

Actual recession

83
Q

Recession from the gingival margin to the CEJ

A

Visible recession

84
Q

Mouth that has no exudates

A

Healthy

Dental Hygiene Exam 2 Chapter 18 (1 decks)

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