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health transitions > chapter 18: intraoperative care > Flashcards

chapter 18: intraoperative care Flashcards

1
Q

____ _____ _____ project focuses on improving surgical care by significantly reducing the number of complications from surgery

A

surgical care improvement

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2
Q

_____ _____ started 30-60 mins before surgical incisions

A

prophylactic antibiotic

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3
Q

in the or the _____ nurse serves as the pts advocate

A

circulating

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4
Q

_____ ______ ____ ______ has improved compliance with standards and reduced complications from surgery

A

WHO surgical safety checklist

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5
Q

_____ position used for some types of pelvic organ surgery

A

lithotomy

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6
Q

______ of ____ under pressure in immobile pts plays major role in the development of pressure ulcers in the OR

A

hypo perfusion of tissue

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7
Q

general anesthesia causes peripheral blood vessels to _____

A

dilate

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8
Q

general anesthesia causes what to dilate?

A

peripheral blood vessels

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9
Q

___-_____ ________ based technology allows ACP’s to track the level of pt awareness during surgery and adjust the anesthesia as needed

A

non-invasive electroencephalogram

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10
Q

______ ____ is most common approach for general anesthesia

A

balanced technique

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11
Q

inhalation agents can cause:

_____
__________
increased ______

A

cough
laryngospasms
increased secretions

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12
Q

the choice for delivering inhaled agents is through an _____ tube or ______

A

ET tube
LMA

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13
Q

___ ___ permits control of inhalation and protects airway from aspiration

A

ETA tube

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14
Q

_____ is an important option for pts with difficult airways

A

LMA

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15
Q

____ is a commonly used dissociative anesthetic

A

ketamine

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16
Q

______ anesthesia interrupts associative brain pathways while blocking sensory pathways

A

dissociative

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17
Q

ketamine used in asthmatic pts undergoing surgery bc it promotes _______

A

bronchodilation

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18
Q

regional blocks used as _____ preop, to manage ____ ____ intraop, and postop to ___ _____

A

-analgesic
-surgical pain
-control pain

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19
Q

_____ anesthesia interrupts generation of nerve impulses by altering the flow of sodium into nerve cells

A

local

20
Q

some local anesthetics are mixed with ______ to provide vasoconstriction

A

epinephrine

21
Q

some local anesthetics are mixed with epinephrine to provide _______

A

vasoconstriction

22
Q

topical local anesthetic applied how long before procedure?

A

30-60 mins

23
Q

with ____ ____ anesthesia the pt has a double cuff tourniquet applied as a safety measure

A

IV regional

24
Q

2 types of regional anesthesia

A

spinal
epidural

25
Q

pts given ____ anesthesia experience vasodilation and may become hypotensive

A

spinal

26
Q

pts given spinal anesthesia experience ______ and may become _______

A

vasodilation
hypotensive

27
Q

______ anesthesia is an injection of local anesthesia into cerebrospinal fluid in subarachnoid space

A

spinal

28
Q

an _______ is an injection of local anesthetic into the epidural space via thoracic or lumbar approach

A

epidural

29
Q

observe for signs of autonomic nervous system blockade in pts given an ______

A

epidural

30
Q

when a pt is given an epidural observe for signs of _____ _____ ___ blockade

A

autonomic nervous system

31
Q

signs of autonomic nervous system blockade (4)

A

bradycardia
hypotension
nausea
vomiting

32
Q

onset of _____ anesthesia more rapid than _______

A

spinal
epidural

33
Q

older adults at greater risk for postop ______

A

hypothermia

34
Q

in an epidural ______ pathways are blocked but _____ fiber still intact

A

sensory
motor

35
Q

initial clinical manifestations of an ________ ________may be masked by anesthesia

A

anaphylactic reaction

36
Q

anaphylactic reactions cause (4)

A

bronchospasms
tachycardia
hypotension
pulmonary edema

37
Q

the altered control of intracellular calcium is seen with

A

malignant hyperthermia

38
Q

_____ appears to be the primary trigger for malignant hyperthermia

A

succinylcholine

39
Q

which stage of general anesthesia is this?

beginning analgesia and relaxation. the client feels dizzy and detached with reduced sensation to pain. clients are sometimes sensitive to noise and stimuli

A

stage 1

40
Q

which stage of general anesthesia is this?

the client might feel delirious, act excited, or could be loud or crying. this stage can be bypassed if meds are given quickly enough. pupils dilate but still respond to light

A

stage 2

41
Q

which stage of anesthesia can be bypassed if meds are given quickly enough?

A

stage 2

42
Q

which stage of general anesthesia is this?

operative or surgical anesthesia. the client has relaxed muscles and eventually loses reflexes. vital functions begin to reduce, sensation is lost, and the client cannot hear. pupils are small but reactive

A

stage 3

43
Q

which stage of general anesthesia is this?

dangerous levels of anesthesia. vital organ function is depressed to the point of respiratory failure and cardiac arrest. pupils are fixed and death can occur. anesthesia must be stopped immediately. the client might receive stimulant meds and narcotic agonists

A

stage 4

44
Q

anticholinergics decrease the risk of bradycardia during surgery due to the _______ response to surgical manipulation

A

parasympathetic

45
Q

avoid giving sedatives within 14 days of starting or stopping an _____

A

MAOI

46
Q

____ _____ can cause restlessness, altered speech, blurred vision, metallic taste, tremors, and tachycardia

A

systemic toxicity

47
Q

treatment for systemic toxicity

A

administration of rapid acting barbiturate

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